During the development of Go language,go run、go buildandgo installare three commonly used commands. Although they are all used to handle Go code, their functions and usage scenarios are very different. This article will explore the differences between these three commands in depth, and help you fully understand their working principles and practical applications through detailed code examples and technical explanations.
1. Pre-knowledge: Basics of Go Language
Before delving into these three commands, let's briefly review the basics of Go.
- Go language:Go (also known as Golang) is a statically typed, compiled language developed by Google. It is known for its simplicity, efficiency and concurrent support.
- Go module: The Go module is a dependency management mechanism introduced by Go 1.11, which is used to manage project dependencies.
-
Go workspace: The Go workspace is a directory structure that stores Go code and compile products. By default, the Go workspace is located in
GOPATHThe path specified by the environment variable.
2. Go Run: Run Go code quickly
go runCommands are used to quickly compile and run Go programs. It is suitable for rapid iteration and testing during the development phase without the need to generate an executable file.
Features:
-
Compile and run：
go runThe Go code will be compiled first, and the generated executable file will be run immediately. - Temporary documents: The compiled executable file is usually stored in a temporary directory and will be deleted after the run is completed.
- Applicable scenarios: Suitable for rapid testing and debugging without the need to generate the final executable.
Example:Suppose you have a simple Go program：
//
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
("Hello, Go!")
}
You can usego runCommands to run it quickly:
go run
Output:
Hello, Go!
3. Go Build: Generate executable files
go buildCommands are used to compile Go code and generate executable files. The generated executable file can be run independently without the need for a Go compiler.
Features:
-
Generate executable files：
go buildThe Go code will be compiled into an executable file and stored in the current directory or in the specified directory. -
Cross-platform compilation: Can be set
GOOSandGOARCHEnvironment variables, generate executable files for different operating systems and architectures. - Applicable scenarios: Suitable for generating the final executable for deployment and distribution.
Example:Continue to use the aboveFiles you can usego buildGenerate executable file:
go build -o myapp
The generated executable filemyappIt can be run directly from the command line:
./myapp
Output:
Hello, Go!
4. Go Install: Install the executable file to GOPATH
go installCommands are used to compile and install Go code toGOPATHofbinin the directory. The installed executable file can be run directly anywhere on the system.
Features:
-
Install to GOPATH：
go installThe generated executable file will be installed toGOPATH/binin the directory. - Globally available: The installed executable file can run directly anywhere on the system without specifying a path.
- Applicable scenarios: Executable files for installation of command line tools and global use.
Example:Suppose you have a command line toolmytool, you can usego installInstall it toGOPATH/binIn the directory:
go install mytool
After installation, you can run it directly from the command linemytool：
mytool
5. Differences and application scenarios
| Order | Function | Applicable scenarios | Generate file location |
|---|---|---|---|
go run |
Compile and run | Quick testing and debugging | Temporary directory (delete after running) |
go build |
Generate executable files | Generate the final executable file for deployment | Current directory or specified directory |
go install |
Install to GOPATH/bin | Install command line tools and global executable files |
GOPATH/binTable of contents |
6. Practical application examples
6.1 Quick Testing and Debugging
During the development phase, you may need to modify and test the code frequently. usego runIt can quickly verify the correctness of the code:
go run
6.2 Generate executable files
When you need to generate the final executable file, usego build：
go build -o myapp
GeneratedmyappFiles can be distributed to others for use.
6.3 Installing command line tools
Suppose you have developed a command line toolmytool, you can usego installInstall it into the system:
go install mytool
After installation, you can run it directly anywheremytool。
7. Summary
go run、go buildandgo installThey are three commonly used commands in Go language development. They each have different functions and applicable scenarios. Understanding their differences and application scenarios can help you develop and deploy Go programs more efficiently.
This is the end of this article about the differences between Go Run, Go Build, Go Install. For more related contents of Go Run, Go Build, Go Install, please search for my previous articles or continue browsing the related articles below. I hope everyone will support me in the future!