SoFunction
Updated on 2025-03-02

Under what circumstances will it occur: Broken pipe error and solution

: Broken pipeAn error usually occurs in the following situations, which means that the other end of the communication has closed the connection, and this error occurred when the current end tries to continue sending data.

Common Situations

  • Client closes the connection：

    • During the server-side processing requests, the client suddenly closes the connection, such as browser shutdown, network disconnection, etc. At this time, the server side tries to write data to the closed connection, which will trigger this exception.

  • time out：

    • This error can also occur if the network connection timed out during the data transfer process and the other end closed the connection.

  • Network issues：

    • Connection interruption due to network instability or network failure. For example, there are problems with network equipment such as routers and switches.

  • Insufficient server resources：

    • The server resources are exhausted, such as thread pools and connection pools are exhausted, resulting in the connection being unable to continue to be maintained.

Sample code

Here is a simple example showing that when the client suddenly closes the connection, the server may throwBroken pipemistake.

Server-side code (Java)

import ;
import ;
import ;
import ;

public class Server {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080)) {
            ("The server starts, waiting for the client to connect...");
            Socket clientSocket = ();
            ("Client connected");

            OutputStream outputStream = ();
            // Simulate long-term data writing            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                (("Data Block" + i + "\n").getBytes());
                ();
                (100); // Send data every 100ms            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Client Code (Java)

import ;
import ;

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 8080)) {
            (2000); // Wait for 2 seconds after connection            ("Client disconnection");
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

In this example, the server continuously sends data to the client, and the client disconnects within 2 seconds of connection, which will cause the server to throwBroken pipemistake.

Solution

  • Handle exceptions：

    • Capture and process on the server sideIOException, avoid program crashes.

  • Connection Management：

    • Implement connection timeout and heartbeat detection mechanisms to close invalid connections in a timely manner.

  • Optimize resource management：

    • Ensure sufficient server resources, such as reasonable configuration of thread pools and connection pools.

  • Network stability：

    • Improve the stability of network equipment, inspect and maintain network infrastructure.

Through the above methods, it can be reduced and processedBroken pipemistake.

There is a stream that keeps writing data into the file, and another stream keeps reading data. As long as there is a write, each read is 1024 bytes, and it stays for 100ms when it cannot be read. But it happened here. I wrote the file and couldn't be read when it is read. How to better fix it

In this producer-consumer scenario, data cannot be read after writing files, which may be due to the failure of buffer refresh in time, file system delay or synchronization problems. The writing and reading process can be improved by:

Method 1: Make sure the buffer is refreshed during writing

Make sure that the buffer is refreshed immediately after writing the data, which ensures that the data is written to the file immediately, rather than staying in the memory buffer.

import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileWriter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("", true)) { // append mode
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                String data = "Data Block" + i + "\n";
                (());
                (); // Make sure the data is written to the file                (1000); // Simulate write interval            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Method 2: Repeat attempts while reading

When reading data, if it cannot be read, you can add a retry mechanism, stay for a while each time the data cannot be read, and then continue to try to read.

import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileReader {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("")) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int bytesRead;
            while (true) {
                bytesRead = (buffer);
                if (bytesRead == -1) {
                    (100); // When no data is read, wait 100ms                    continue;
                }
                String data = new String(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                ("Readed data: " + data);
            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Method 3: Use NIO's FileChannel and MappedByteBuffer

Using Java NIOFileChannelandMappedByteBufferIt can provide more efficient file reading and writing operations.

Write data

import ;
import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileWriter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("", "rw");
             FileChannel channel = ()) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                String data = "Data Block" + i + "\n";
                ByteBuffer buffer = (());
                while (()) {
                    (buffer);
                }
                (true); // Make sure the data is written to the file                (1000); // Simulate write interval            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Read data

import ;
import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileReader {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("", "r");
             FileChannel channel = ()) {
            ByteBuffer buffer = (1024);
            while (true) {
                int bytesRead = (buffer);
                if (bytesRead == -1) {
                    (100); // When no data is read, wait 100ms                    continue;
                }
                (); // Switch to read mode                byte[] data = new byte[()];
                (data);
                ("Readed data: " + new String(data));
                (); // Clear the buffer and prepare for the next read            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Summarize

Ensure that the buffer is refreshed when writing data, and the retry mechanism during reading can be added, which can effectively solve the problem of not being able to read after writing data. Using Java NIOFileChannelandMappedByteBufferIt can provide more efficient file operations and reduce file system delay and synchronization problems.

In my program, if the data is not read until it reaches 5 seconds, the manual writing ends, but in fact it is not finished at all, and the file is still being written. Why does this problem occur? My file is a recording file;

Ensuring the correct synchronization and buffering mechanism is key when handling file read and write operations, especially when it comes to real-time data such as recording files. If your program does not read the data within 5 seconds, it is considered that the file has ended, but the file is actually still being written, this may be caused by multiple reasons, including buffer refresh problems, reading logic problems, or file system delays, etc.

Possible causes and solutions

  • Buffer refresh problem：

    • Make sure that the write end flushes the buffer correctly after each write, so that the read end can immediately obtain the newly written data.

  • File locking issues：

    • The file may be locked during the writing process, causing the reader to fail to read new data. Make sure there are no file locking issues.

  • Read logic problem：

    • The logic on the read side may not correctly handle the delay of data arrival, and a retry mechanism and timeout processing are required.

  • File system delay：

    • Some file systems may have delays to ensure the stability and timeliness of the file system.

Sample code

The following is an improved example showing how to correctly handle the read and write of the recording file on the write and read side and handle situations where no data arrives.

Write to the data side

import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileWriter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("", true)) { // append mode
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                String data = "Audio Data Block" + i + "\n";
                (());
                (); // Make sure the data is written to the file                (1000); // Simulate write interval            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Read data side

import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileReader {
    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
    private static final int MAX_WAIT_TIME_MS = 5000; // The maximum waiting time is 5 seconds
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        long lastReadTime = ();
        
        try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("")) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            int bytesRead;
            boolean endOfFileReached = false;

            while (true) {
                bytesRead = (buffer);
                if (bytesRead == -1) {
                    // If the maximum waiting time is reached and the data is not read, the file writing is considered to be completed                    if (() - lastReadTime > MAX_WAIT_TIME_MS) {
                        ("Timeout, file writing is considered to be finished");
                        break;
                    }
                    (100); // When no data is read, wait 100ms                    continue;
                }
                lastReadTime = (); // Update the last read time                String data = new String(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                ("Readed data: " + data);
            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

explain

  • Write to the data side：

    • Called after each write dataflushMethod to ensure that data is written to the file immediately.

  • Read data side：

    • uselastReadTimeRecord the time of the last data read.
    • When the data is not read, wait for 100ms and try to read again.
    • If no data is read within 5 seconds, the file writing is considered to be ended and the loop is exited.

Summarize

  • Make sure the buffer is refreshed immediately after each write.
  • The reader should add a retry mechanism and timeout processing logic to prevent the error of thinking that the file writing has ended due to the lack of data in a short period of time.
  • Considering file system latency and other possible synchronization issues, make sure both write and read sides can handle these situations correctly.

This method ensures that even if the file writing process continues, the reader does not mistakenly think that the file has ended.

When I check the file size of the data in the buffer, does it contain the file in the buffer?

When you view file sizes, the file size reported by the operating system does not usually include data that is still in the memory buffer. That is, if the data is still not written to disk in the application's buffer, then the data will not be reflected when viewing the file size.

explain

The file size is the amount of data currently written to disk reported by the operating system. When writing data, the data first enters the application's memory buffer and then flushes it from the buffer to the file. If the buffer is not refreshed, this data will not be written to disk, so the file size reported by the operating system will not increase.

Make sure data is written to disk

To ensure that data is written from the buffer to disk, you can use the following methods:

  • flushmethod:

    • ForOutputStreamorWriter, callflushThe method will write data in the buffer to disk.

  • closemethod:

    • When the stream is closed, the stream will be called automatically.flushMethod and release resources.

  • method：

    • For NIO file channel, callforceMethods ensure that all data and metadata are written to disk.

Sample code

The following is usedflushandSample code for methods to ensure data is written to disk.

Using OutputStream’s flush method

import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileWriter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("", true)) { //Add mode            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                String data = "Data Block" + i + "\n";
                (());
                (); // Make sure the data is written to the file                (1000); // Simulate write interval            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Using FileChannel’s force method

import ;
import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileWriterNIO {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("", "rw");
             FileChannel channel = ()) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                String data = "Data Block" + i + "\n";
                ByteBuffer buffer = (());
                while (()) {
                    (buffer);
                }
                (true); // Make sure data and metadata are written to the file                (1000); // Simulate write interval            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Sample code for checking file size

During the process of writing data, you can use the following code to check the file size.

import ;

public class FileSizeChecker {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File file = new File("");
        ("File Size: " + () + " byte");
    }
}

Summarize

  • When viewing file size, data in the buffer is not included. The file size will only be updated when the buffer data is flushed to disk.
  • How to ensure data is written to disk: In useOutputStreamorWriterWhen calledflushorcloseMethod; in useFileChannelWhen calledforcemethod.

Write stream every two seconds Write data and refresh, but read the stream and read it for 6 seconds, but it has not been read yet. What is the reason

If the data is written and refreshed every two seconds, but the reader still cannot read the data within six seconds, the following common problems and reasons may occur:

  • Buffer refresh is not timely：

    • Callflush()Methods to make sure that data is written to disk is the right thing to do, but in some cases, the operating system or file system may delay actually writing data to disk. In this case, althoughflush(), but the data remains in memory and is not written to disk in time.

  • File locking issues：

    • In some operating systems, files may be locked when written, causing the reader to fail to read the latest data. This situation usually occurs when operations frequently read and write the same file.

  • File reading logic problem：

    • There may be problems with the logic of the read side, such as the delay in file reading or data arrival may not be properly handled, resulting in the read side being unable to read immediately even if the data has been written to disk.

  • File system caching mechanism：

    • The operating system may cache files to improve performance, resulting in the file size seen by the reader that does not necessarily reflect the latest data in real time.

  • Network problem (if it is network stream)：

    • If data is streamed over the network, it may be affected by network delay or connection problems.

Solution:

  • useflush()andclose()：

    • Ensure timely call after each write dataflush()Method to ensure that data is written to disk.
    • After the write is completed, call it in timeclose()Methods close the flow, which triggers a final refresh operation.

  • Confirm file writing：

    • Use file system commands or programs to verify the actual writing of the file on the write side to ensure that the data is indeed written to the file.

  • Check the implementation of the read side：

    • Ensure that the implementation of the read side correctly handles data reading and buffer refresh.
    • Use appropriate reading methods and buffer size to avoid the problem of untimely reading data due to improper reading methods.

  • Consider the impact of operating system and file system：

    • The caching mechanism of the operating system and file system may cause the file size seen by the reader to not necessarily reflect the latest data in real time. At this time, you need to consider using the file system synchronization function provided by the operating system or adjusting the file system's cache policy.

Sample code:

Here is a simple example code showing how to ensure that data is written to disk after writing it and read the data on the read side.

Write side:

import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileWriter {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("", true)) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // Write 10 times of data                String data = "Data Block" + i + "\n";
                (());
                (); // Make sure the data is written to the file                ("Write data: " + data);

                (2000); // Simulate writes every two seconds            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Reading side:

import ;
import ;
import ;

public class FileReader {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("")) {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; // Buffer size            int bytesRead;
            long startTime = ();

            // Read data until more than 6 seconds            while ((() - startTime) < 6000) {
                if (() > 0) {
                    bytesRead = (buffer);
                    String data = new String(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                    ("Reading data: " + data);
                } else {
                    ("No data was read, wait...");
                    (100); // Wait for 100ms before trying to read again                }
            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Notes:

  • In the sample code()And loop control is used to simulate the process of writing and reading, please adjust and optimize according to actual conditions.
  • Ensure proper exception handling and resource management techniques are used in actual production environments, such as usingtry-with-resourcesSimplify flow management.
  • Debug and test code to ensure correct data writing and reading, especially when real-time data or frequent IO operations are involved.

When it comes, will it be cleared that the data in the byte buffer have no data in the byte

CallOutputStreamofflush()Methods ensure that the buffer data is flushed to the underlying device or file system, but the buffer will not be cleared. Specifically,flush()The function of the method is to force output data in the buffer to ensure that the data is written to the output stream of the underlying device or file system, but it will not affect the data in the buffer.

The behavior of the flush() method:

  • Refresh data to the underlying device or file system：

    • Callflush()When a method is used, data in the buffer is forced to be written to the output stream of the underlying device (such as disk) or file system, ensuring that the data does not stay in memory and is not written to the physical storage device.

  • The buffer will not be cleared：

    • flush()The method is only responsible for refreshing data, even if it is calledflush(), the data in the buffer still exists. This means that the next write operation, the data will continue to be appended to the tail of the buffer.

  • Applicable scenarios：

    • In situations where data needs to be written immediately (such as in network communications that require logging or timely transmission of data), you can useflush()Method to force the data to be sent out without waiting until the buffer is full or the stream is closed.

Example description:

import ;
import ;
import ;

public class ExampleFlush {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("")) {
            String data = "Hello, World!";
            (()); // Write data to the buffer            (); // Refresh the buffer to ensure that the data is written to the file            
            // The buffer still contains unwritten data and can continue to write            String additionalData = " Additional Data";
            (());
            
            // The last closing of the stream will automatically call flush() to ensure that the last data is written to the file        } catch (IOException e) {
            ();
        }
    }
}

Summarize:

  • flush()Methods ensure that the data in the buffer is written to the output stream of the underlying device or file system, but do not clear the buffer.
  • The data in the buffer still exists, and the write operation can be continued until the buffer is full or the stream is closed.
  • In scenarios where data needs to be written in time, useflush()Method is a common practice, but be careful not to clear the buffer.

Here is the article about what circumstances will appear: Broken pipe error and solution will introduce this article. For more related content: Broken pipe error resolution, please search for my previous article or continue browsing the related articles below. I hope everyone will support me in the future!