Methods for developing using Ethereum smart contracts based on Python tools

Ethereum smart contract development based on Python tools

Introduction

Smart contracts are one of the core applications of blockchain technology, which allows automatic execution of contract terms through code without intermediaries. Ethereum is one of the most popular smart contract platforms at present, but is a Python library for interacting with the Ethereum blockchain. This article will introduce in detail how to use Ethereum smart contract development.

Install

First, make sure you have the Python environment installed. Then, install the library through pip:

pip install web3

set up

Before you start, you need to set up to connect to the Ethereum network. You can choose to connect to the main network, test network, or local node. For example, connect to the Ropsten testnet:

from web3 import Web3
# Connect to Ropsten Test Networkw3 = Web3(('/v3/YOUR_INFURA_API_KEY'))
# Check if the connection is successfulprint(())

Please replaceYOUR_INFURA_API_KEYFor your Infura API key. Infura is a popular Ethereum node service provider that provides free and paid node access services.

Deploy smart contracts

Deploying a smart contract usually involves the following steps:

• Write smart contract code (using Solidity language).
• Use the Solidity compiler to compile the contract.
• Use deployment contracts.

Here is a simple example of Solidity smart contracts for storing and retrieving a number:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract SimpleStorage {
    uint256 private storedData;
    function set(uint256 x) public {
        storedData = x;
    }
    function get() public view returns (uint256) {
        return storedData;
    }
}

After compiling the contract, you will get the contract's ABI (application binary interface) and bytecode. This information is required to use the deployment contract.

from web3 import Web3
from solcx import compile_standard, install_solc
# Install Solidity compilerinstall_solc('0.8.0')
# Compile contractcompiled_sol = compile_standard(
    {
        "language": "Solidity",
        "sources": {"": {"content": open("").read()}},
        "settings": {
            "outputSelection": {
                "*": {
                    "*": ["abi", "metadata", "", ""]
                }
            }
        },
    },
    solc_version='0.8.0'
)
# Get ABI and bytecodeabi = compiled_sol["contracts"][""]["SimpleStorage"]["abi"]
bytecode = compiled_sol["contracts"][""]["SimpleStorage"]["evm"]["bytecode"]["object"]
# Deploy the contractSimpleStorage = (abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)
constructor = ()
tx = ({
    'from': [0],
    'gas': 4000000,
    'gasPrice': ('20', 'gwei')
})
signed_tx = .sign_transaction(tx, private_key='YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY')
tx_hash = .send_raw_transaction(signed_tx.rawTransaction)
tx_receipt = .wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
print(f"Contract deployed at {tx_receipt.contractAddress}")

Please replaceYOUR_PRIVATE_KEYPrivate key for your Ethereum account.

Interact with smart contracts

After deploying a smart contract, you can call its functions to read or modify the state on the blockchain. Here is how to call the above example contractsetandgetfunction:

# Create a contract instancecontract = (address=tx_receipt.contractAddress, abi=abi)
# Call the set functiontx = (123).buildTransaction({
    'from': [0],
    'gas': 400000,
    'gasPrice': ('20', 'gwei')
})
signed_tx = .sign_transaction(tx, private_key='YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY')
tx_hash = .send_raw_transaction(signed_tx.rawTransaction)
.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
# Call the get functionresult = ().call()
print(result)

in conclusion

Using Ethereum smart contract development is a powerful and flexible approach. It allows Python developers to leverage the capabilities of the Ethereum blockchain to develop decentralized applications. This article is just a beginner guide, smart contract development involves more security and best practice considerations, and it is recommended to learn more about relevant documents and resources in depth.

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