Sharing skills and practices of using PySpider for IP proxy crawler

Preface

IP proxy crawler is a common web crawler technology that can hide its real IP address by using proxy IP to prevent it from being banned or restricted from access by the target website. PySpider is a powerful open source web crawler framework based on Python. It is simple to use, flexible, and has good scalability. This article will introduce how to use PySpider for IP proxy crawler and provide some tips and practical experience.

1. Install and configure PySpider

First, we need to install PySpider. PySpider can be installed through the pip command:

pip install pyspider

After the installation is complete, you can start PySpider using the command line:

pyspider

PySpider uses a web interface by default to manage and monitor crawler tasks. Under the default configuration, PySpider will start a web interface on the local port 5000. Enter http://localhost:5000 in your browser to access it.

2. Use IP Proxy

Using IP Proxy in PySpider is very simple. PySpider has a built-in proxy module called PhantomJSProxy, which can be used to implement browser-based proxy access. First, we need to add the configuration items of the proxy module in the configuration file of PySpider:

PROXY = {
    'host': '127.0.0.1',
    'port': 3128,
    'type': 'http',
    'user': '',
    'password': ''
}

In the above configuration items, host and port are the address and port number of the proxy server, type is the proxy type, which can be http, https or socks5, and user and password are the username and password of the proxy server (if verification is required).

In the crawler code, we can set the proxy by adding the proxy attribute to the request:

def on_start(self):
    ('', callback=self.index_page, proxy='PhantomJSProxy')

In the above code, we use PhantomJSProxy as a proxy module through the proxy attribute.

III. Use of IP proxy pool

Using a single proxy IP may have many limitations, such as slow speed, poor stability, frequency limitation, etc. To solve these problems, we can use an IP proxy pool and use multiple proxy IPs through polling to improve the efficiency and stability of the crawler.

In PySpider, we can implement the function of IP proxy pool by customizing a downloader middleware. First, we need to add the configuration items of the downloader middleware in the configuration file of PySpider:

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    '': 100,
}

Then, we can customize a DownloaderMiddleware class to implement the functions of the IP proxy pool:

import random
 
class RandomProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxies = [
            {'host': '127.0.0.1', 'port': 3128},
            {'host': '127.0.0.1', 'port': 8080},
            {'host': '127.0.0.1', 'port': 8888},
        ]
        proxy = (proxies)
        ['proxy'] = 'http://{}:{}'.format(proxy['host'], proxy['port'])

In the above code, we define a RandomProxyMiddleware class, process the request through the process_request method, and randomly select a proxy IP to set the requested proxy attribute.

In the crawler code, we just need to add the following code to the script of PySpider to enable the IP proxy pool:

from random_proxy_middleware import RandomProxyMiddleware
 
class MySpider(Spider):
    def __init__(self):
        self.downloader_middlewares.append(RandomProxyMiddleware())

In the above code, we add the customized RandomProxyMiddleware to the downloader middleware.

4. Handle the exceptions of the proxy IP

When using IP proxy, you may encounter some exceptions, such as proxy connection timeout, proxy unavailability, etc. In order to improve the stability of the crawler, we need to deal with these exceptions.

In PySpider, we can use exception handling mechanism to handle exceptions of proxy IP. For example, if an exception occurs when a connection timeout occurs using a proxy IP, we can choose to use direct connection to access the target website.

from .base_handler import *
from  import Html
 
class MySpider(BaseHandler):
    @every(minutes=24 * 60)
    def on_start(self):
        ('', callback=self.index_page, proxy='PhantomJSProxy')
 
    @config(age=10 * 24 * 60 * 60)
    def index_page(self, response):
        try:
            # Here is the normal processing logic            pass
        except ConnectionTimeoutError:
            # Here is the exception handling of connection timeout            (, callback=self.index_page)

In the above code, we use the try-except statement block in the index_page method to catch the exception of the connection timeout. In the exception handling code block, we re-initiate a request to access the target website using direct connection.

5. Summary

Using PySpider for IP proxy crawler can help us better hide our real IP addresses when crawling data, improving the stability and efficiency of crawlers. This article introduces how to use PySpider for IP proxy crawler and provides some practical experience and tips. I hope this article can be helpful to your work in IP proxy crawlers.

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