Detailed explanation and practical combat of Linux file operation commands

1. Basic operation of files

1.1 File creation

touch command

touchTimestamp used to create an empty file or update a file.

• usage:

# Create an empty filetouch 

# Create multiple files at the same timetouch  

# Update file timestamptouch -a 

cat  and echo

• catCreate a file:

# Create and write contentcat >  <<EOF
This is a test file.
EOF

• echoWrite content:

echo "Hello, World!" > 

1.2 File Deletion

rm command

rmUsed to delete files or directories.

• usage:

# Delete a single filerm 

# Delete multiple filesrm  

# Forced deletionrm -f 

# Delete the directory and its contentsrm -r directory_name

• Notice:
  rm -rf /It is a high-risk operation that may lead to loss of system files and needs to be used with caution.

1.3 File renaming and moving

mv command

mvUsed to rename files or move files.

• usage:

# Rename the filemv old_name.txt new_name.txt

# Move the file to the specified directorymv  /path/to/directory/

# Rename and movemv  /path/to/directory/new_file.txt

2. View and edit file content

2.1 View file content

cat command

catIt is the most commonly used tool to view file content.

• usage:

# View the entire file contentcat 

# Display with line numbercat -n 

less command

lessUsed to view large file contents by paging.

• usage:

less 

• navigation:

  • Turn the page down:Spaceorf
  • Turn the page up:b
  • quit:q

tail and head commands

• tailView the content at the end of the file:

tail 

# View the last 20 linestail -n 20 

• headView the contents of the beginning of the file:

head 

# View the first 10 lineshead -n 10 

2.2 Editing files

nano and vim editors

• nanoSimple to operate, suitable for beginners:

nano 

• vimPowerful function, suitable for advanced users:

vim 

3. File permission management

3.1 View file permissions

ls -l command

usage:

ls -l 

Output format:

-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 1024 Dec 6 12:34 

• • Column 1: Permission flag (rReadable,wWritable,xExecutable).
  • Second column: Number of links.
  • Columns 3 and 4: Users and Groups to which they belong.
  • Subsequently: file size, modification time, file name.

3.2 Modify file permissions

chmod command

• usage:

# Add permissionschmod +x 

# Delete permissionschmod -w 

# Set permissionschmod 644 

• Symbol and numerical patterns:

  • r=4, w=2, x=1。
  • 644Indicates that the owner can read and write, and the group and other users can only read.

3.3 Modify the user or group to which the file belongs

chown command

• usage:

# Change the file ownersudo chown user 

# Change file owner and groupsudo chown user:group 

4. File search and positioning

4.1 find command

findUsed to search for files based on conditions.

• usage:

# Search by namefind /path -name ""

# Search by sizefind /path -size +100M

# Search by modification timefind /path -mtime -7

4.2 locate command

locateUse indexes to quickly locate files.

• usage:

# Search for fileslocate 

4.3 grep command

grepSearch for the specified mode in the file content.

• usage:

# Search for wordsgrep "word" 

# Recursive search directorygrep -r "pattern" /path

5. File compression and decompression

5.1 tar command

tarUsed for archive files.

• usage:

# Compress filestar -czvf  file1 file2

# Unzip the filetar -xzvf 

5.2 zip and unzip

Compressed files:

zip  file1 file2

Unzip the file:

unzip 

6. File transfer

6.1 Local Transfer

cp  

6.2 Network transmission

• scpOrder:

scp  user@remote:/path

7. Actual case of file operation

7.1 Statistics the number of log files

wc -l /var/log/syslog

7.2 Delete log files for more than 30 days

find /var/log -type f -mtime +30 -exec rm {} \;

7.3 Find large files

find / -type f -size +1G

7.4 Batch modification file permissions

find /path -type f -name "*.sh" -exec chmod +x {} \;

Summarize

Linux provides a rich variety of file operation commands, from file creation, editing, permission management, and then searching and compression, covering all aspects of daily management. Through the systematic learning of this article, readers can not only quickly master common commands, but also apply them to actual work to improve efficiency and management capabilities.

The above is the detailed explanation and actual combat of Linux file operation commands. For more information about Linux file operation, please pay attention to my other related articles!