The use of Golang thread pool and coroutine pool

introduction

Golang is a powerful programming language, especially suitable for building high-performance, concurrent applications. In Golang, thread pools and coroutine pools are very common and important concepts. They can improve the concurrent processing power and performance of applications and reduce waste of resources. This article will introduce the concepts, principles of thread pools and coroutine pools in Golang and their use in practical applications.

Thread pool

What is a thread pool?

A thread pool is a mechanism for managing and reusing threads. It can effectively manage the life cycle of threads, the number of threads, and the execution of threads. The thread pool contains a set of pre-created threads that can be reused to handle concurrent tasks without the need to create and destroy threads frequently, reducing the overhead of thread creation and destruction.

The principle of thread pool

In Golang, you can useandchanUsed in conjunction to implement the functionality of thread pool.Used to wait for all threads to complete execution,chanUsed to receive concurrent tasks.

The specific implementation steps are as follows:

• Create achan, used to receive concurrent tasks.
• Create a, used to wait for all threads to complete execution.
• Start multiple Goroutines as worker threads, each thread fromchanReceive tasks and execute them.
• The main thread sends concurrent tasks tochanmiddle.
• The main thread is calledWaitThe method waits for all threads to complete execution.

Here is a sample code that uses a thread pool to handle tasks:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
)

func worker(id int, jobs <-chan int, results chan<- int) {
	for j := range jobs {
		("worker", id, "started job", j)
		// Execute tasks
		("worker", id, "finished job", j)
		results <- j * 2
	}
}

func main() {
	numJobs := 5
	jobs := make(chan int, numJobs)
	results := make(chan int, numJobs)

	// Start 3 worker threads	numWorkers := 3
	var wg 
	(numWorkers)
	for i := 1; i <= numWorkers; i++ {
		go func(id int) {
			defer ()
			worker(id, jobs, results)
		}(i)
	}

	// Send concurrent tasks	for i := 1; i <= numJobs; i++ {
		jobs <- i
	}
	close(jobs)

	// Wait for all threads to complete	go func() {
		()
		close(results)
	}()

	// Output execution results	for result := range results {
		(result)
	}
}

In the above code, we createjobsandresultstwochanto deliver concurrent tasks and receive processing results. The main thread sends the task tojobsIn the worker threadjobsReceive the task and execute it, and the execution result is passedresultsReturn to the main thread.

By using thread pools, we can effectively reuse threads, reduce the overhead of thread creation and destruction, and improve the execution efficiency of concurrent tasks.

Coroutine Pool

What is a coroutine pool?

A coroutine pool is a mechanism for managing and reusing coroutines, which can effectively manage the life cycle of coroutines, the number of coroutines, and the execution of coroutines. Similar to thread pools, coroutine pools contain a set of pre-created coroutines that can be reused to handle concurrent tasks without the need to create and destroy coroutines frequently, reducing the overhead of coroutine creation and destruction.

The principle of coroutine pool

In Golang, you can usegoroutineandchanUsed in conjunction to implement the functionality of coroutine pools.goroutineUsed to perform tasks concurrently,chanUsed to receive concurrent tasks.

The specific implementation steps are as follows:

• Create achan, used to receive concurrent tasks.
• Create a, used to wait for all coroutine execution to complete.
• Start multiple coroutines as work coroutines, each coroutine fromchanReceive tasks and execute them.
• The main coroutine sends concurrent tasks tochanmiddle.
• The main coroutine is calledWaitMethod waits for all coroutine execution to complete.

Here is a sample code that uses a coroutine pool to handle tasks:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
)

func worker(id int, jobs <-chan int, results chan<- int) {
	for j := range jobs {
		("worker", id, "started job", j)
		// Execute tasks
		("worker", id, "finished job", j)
		results <- j * 2
	}
}

func main() {
	numJobs := 5
	jobs := make(chan int, numJobs)
	results := make(chan int, numJobs)

	// Start 3 work coroutines	numWorkers := 3
	var wg 
	(numWorkers)
	for i := 1; i <= numWorkers; i++ {
		go func(id int) {
			defer ()
			worker(id, jobs, results)
		}(i)
	}

	// Send concurrent tasks	for i := 1; i <= numJobs; i++ {
		jobs <- i
	}
	close(jobs)

	// Wait for all coroutine execution to complete	go func() {
		()
		close(results)
	}()

	// Output execution results	for result := range results {
		(result)
	}
}

In the above code, we createjobsandresultstwochanto deliver concurrent tasks and receive processing results. The main coroutine sends the task tojobsIn the work coroutinejobsReceive the task and execute it, and the execution result is passedresultsReturn to the main coroutine.

By using coroutine pools, we can effectively reuse coroutines, reduce the overhead of coroutine creation and destruction, and improve the execution efficiency of concurrent tasks.

Selection of thread pool and coroutine pool

Among thread pools and coroutine pools, thread pools are more suitable for CPU-intensive tasks, while coroutine pools are more suitable for I/O-intensive tasks.

For CPU-intensive tasks, due to Golang'sgoroutineIt runs on the operating system thread, so using coroutine pools does not fully utilize the advantages of multi-core CPUs. At this time, using thread pools can make full use of multi-core CPUs to improve task execution efficiency.

For I/O intensive tasks, due to Golang'sgoroutineIt is very lightweight and can be switched and scheduled efficiently. In addition, the Golang standard library provides a rich variety of asynchronous IO operations, so using coroutine pools can better utilize CPU resources and improve task execution efficiency.

Therefore, when selecting thread pools and coroutine pools, you need to choose according to the actual task type and requirements to obtain the best performance and results.

in conclusion

This article introduces the concepts, principles of thread pools and coroutine pools in Golang and their use in practical applications. Thread pools and coroutine pools are both mechanisms for managing and reusing threads or coroutines, which can improve the concurrent processing capabilities and performance of applications and reduce resource waste. By rationally selecting thread pools and coroutine pools, tasks execution efficiency and system performance can be improved according to different task types and needs.

In practical applications, selecting the appropriate thread pool or coroutine pool according to task type and needs, and reasonably adjusting the pool size and parameters can maximize Golang's concurrency capabilities and improve the performance and concurrency processing capabilities of the application.

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