1. Workflow
The HTTP request initiated by the client is listened, received, processed and returned a response through an HTTP server implemented in the Go language. The underlying workflow of this HTTP server is as follows:
- Create a Listen Socket, listen to the specified port, and wait for the client request to arrive.
- Listen Socket receives the client's request and gets the Client Socket. Next, communicates with the client through the Client Socket.
- To handle the client's request, first read the protocol header of the HTTP request from the Client Socket. If it is a POST method, it may also read the data submitted by the client, and then hand it over to the corresponding Handler to process the request. After the Handler completes processing, the data required by the client is loaded, and finally returns it to the client through the Client Socket.
- Generate a response and send it to the client.
- Close the connection.
Next, we will introduce the detailed process of each step step.
2. Create a Listen Socket listening port
In Go, use the Listen function of the net package to create a Listen Socket to listen for the specified port. Here is a sample code:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net"
)
func main() {
listener, err := ("tcp", ":8080")
if err != nil {
("Failed to listen:", err)
return
}
defer ()
("Listening on port 8080")
for {
conn, err := ()
if err != nil {
("Failed to accept connection:", err)
continue
}
go handleConnection(conn)
}
}
func handleConnection(conn ) {
defer ()
// Handle connection request}
In this example, we use the function to create a TCP Listen Socket with the listening port number 8080. If the listening fails, an error message will be printed and the program will be exited. In the for loop, the client connection is accepted and the connection is handed over to the handleConnection function for processing.
3. Receive client requests and establish a connection
When Listen Socket listens to the client's connection request, a connection with the client can be established through methods. After establishing a connection, subsequent request processing can be performed. Here is a sample code:
func handleConnection(conn ) {
defer ()
buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
n, err := (buffer)
if err != nil {
("Failed to read request:", err)
return
}
request := string(buffer[:n])
("Received request:", request)
// Process the request}
In this example, we read the request data from the connection by a method and convert it into a string. Here a buffer buffer is used to temporarily store the read data. Received requests can be parsed and processed as needed.
4. Process client request and return response
When processing client requests, business logic processing and response generation can be performed according to specific needs. Here is a simple example code:
func handleConnection(conn ) {
defer ()
buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
n, err := (buffer)
if err != nil {
("Failed to read request:", err)
return
}
request := string(buffer[:n])
("Received request:", request)
// Process the request response := "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 12\r\n\r\nHello, World!"
_, err = ([]byte(response))
if err != nil {
("Failed to send response:", err)
return
}
("Sent response:", response)
}
In this example, we send the response string to the client through the method. The format of the response needs to comply with the HTTP protocol requirements, including the response line, the response header, and the response content. In the example, we return a simple HTTP response with a status code of 200 and a content of "Hello, World!".
5. Complete sample code
Here is a complete sample code that demonstrates the underlying mechanism of the entire HTTP request processing:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net"
)
func main() {
listener, err := ("tcp", ":8080")
if err != nil {
("Failed to listen:", err)
return
}
defer ()
("Listening on port 8080")
for {
conn, err := ()
if err != nil {
("Failed to accept connection:", err)
continue
}
go handleConnection(conn)
}
}
func handleConnection(conn ) {
defer ()
buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
n, err := (buffer)
if err != nil {
("Failed to read request:", err)
return
}
request := string(buffer[:n])
("Received request:", request)
response := "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length: 12\r\n\r\nHello, World!"
_, err = ([]byte(response))
if err != nil {
("Failed to send response:", err)
return
}
("Sent response:", response)
}
Through the above introduction, we have learned in detail about the underlying mechanism of HTTP request processing in Go language, from workflow, creating Listen Socket listening ports, receiving client requests and establishing connections, and finally processing client requests and returning responses. Each step provides a code example and is explained in detail. I hope this article will be helpful for you to understand the underlying mechanism of HTTP request processing in Go.
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