Beego in golang

Beego is an open source framework based on the Go language for building web applications and APIs. It adopts some common design patterns to improve development efficiency, code maintainability, and scalability.

1. MVC design model

The Beego framework adopts the classic MVC (Model-View-Controller) design pattern, dividing applications into three main components: Model (Model), View (View) and Controller. Here is a simple demonstration of the functions of each module in Beego:

Model:

The model is mainly responsible for data and business logic. In Beego, models usually interact with databases. By default, Beego uses ORM (object relational mapping) to map structures to database tables, simplifying database operations.

View:

The view is responsible for displaying the user interface. In a web application, the view is usually an HTML page. Beego uses Go's template engine to easily render and display pages in the controller.

Controller:

The controller is responsible for handling user requests and coordinating interactions between the model and the view. In Beego, the controller is usually a structure that contains a series of methods for processing requests.

Here is a simple example demonstrating the MVC pattern in Beego:

// models/

package models

import (
	"/astaxie/beego/orm"
)

type User struct {
	Id       int
	Username string `orm:"unique"`
	Password string
}

func init() {
	(new(User))
}

// controllers/

package controllers

import (
	"/astaxie/beego"
	"/your_username/your_project/models"
)

type UserController struct {
	
}

// Registration pagefunc (c *UserController) ShowRegister() {
	 = ""
}

// Registration processingfunc (c *UserController) DoRegister() {
	username := ("username")
	password := ("password")

	user := {
		Username: username,
		Password: password,
	}

	_, err := (&user)
	if err != nil {
		("Register failed:" + ())
		return
	}

	("Registered successfully")
}

// View file views/

{{extend ""}}

{{block "content"}}
<h2>User registration</h2>
<form action="/user/register" method="post">
	<label>username: <input type="text" name="username"></label><br>
	<label>password: <input type="password" name="password"></label><br>
	<input type="submit" value="register">
</form>
{{end}}

//

package main
import (
	"/astaxie/beego"
	_ "/your_username/your_project/models"
	_ "/your_username/your_project/routers"
)

func main() {
	()
}

In this example, the models package contains the User model and the controllers package contains the UserController controller. The ShowRegister method is used to display the user registration page, and the DoRegister method is used to process user registration requests. In the views directory is the template file for the registration page.

Second, routing mechanism

1. Basic routing rules:In Beego, you can use functions to define routing rules. The simplest routing rules consist of HTTP methods, URLs, and processing functions.

// 
package main

import (
	"/astaxie/beego"
)

func main() {
	// Define routing rules	("/", &MainController{})
	("/user/:id", &UserController{}, "get:GetUser")
	()
}

// controllers/main_controller.go
package controllers

import "/astaxie/beego"

type MainController struct {
	
}

func (c *MainController) Get() {
	("Hello, world!")
}

// controllers/user_controller.go
package controllers

import "/astaxie/beego"

type UserController struct {
	
}

func (c *UserController) GetUser() {
	id := (":id")
	("User ID: " + id)
}

In the above example, the function is used to define routing rules. "/" means the root path, associated with the Get method in MainController. "/user/:id" means a path with parameters associated with the GetUser method in UserController. The parameters can be defined in the form of :id and then obtained by (":id").

2. Multiple request methods:Beego allows you to define multiple handlers for the same URL and specify different request methods. This is done by using semicolons in routing rules; separating different request methods.

("/user", &UserController{}, "get:GetAllUsers;post:CreateUser")

In the above example, the "/user" path can handle both a GET request and a POST request. The GetAllUsers method and the CreateUser method handle these two requests respectively.

3. Regular routing:Beego supports regular expression routing, and regular expressions can be used in routing rules.

("/user/:username([\\w]+)", &UserController{}, "get:GetUserByUsername")

In the above example, the :username([\w]+) in the routing rule means that the username parameter is composed of letters, numbers, and underscores.

4. Automatic routing:Beego also supports automatic routing, that is, automatically generate routing rules according to the controller's naming specifications. For example, if there is a UserController controller, Beego will automatically generate the /user route.

5. Annotation routing:Beego supports defining routes using annotations, and you can use @router annotations on the controller's methods.

// controllers/user_controller.go

package controllers

import "/astaxie/beego"

type UserController struct {
	
}

// @router /user/:id [get]
func (c *UserController) GetUser() {
	id := (":id")
	("User ID: " + id)
}

The above are just some basic concepts of the Beego routing mechanism. In fact, Beego also provides more functions, such as routing groups, custom regular expressions, Namespace, etc. Detailed routing documentation can be found in Beego official documentation: Beego routing.

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