Writing excellent program code is an art. If you want to do this, you must develop good programming habits from the beginning. Good programming habits not only help in the early design of the project (such as modularity), but also make the code you write easier and more labor-saving. Bad programming habits will cause code bugs and will make future maintenance work difficult.
This article takes PHP language as an example to introduce some good programming habits, hoping that it will be helpful to you.
1. Planning the code structure
Excellent PHP code should have a clear structure. PHP object-oriented features allow programmers to decompose applications into functions or methods. If the code is obscure, you can also add comments to make the function of the code clear at a glance. When encoding, try to separate the front-end code (HTML/CSS/JavaScript) from the application's server rules, or you can use the PHP framework that follows the MVC pattern to build your application.
2. Unified coding style
Excellent PHP code should have a unified style. For example, setting unified naming rules for variables and functions, setting unified access standards for loop tasks (such as database access, error handling), or maintaining regular code indentation, these coding habits can make reading code easier for others.
3. Portability
Excellent PHP code should be portable. Programmers should learn to use PHP's existing features (such as magic quotes and short tags, etc.), understand product requirements, adapt to the characteristics of PHP, and ensure that the written PHP code is portable and cross-platform.
4. Code security
Excellent PHP code should be secure. PHP5 has excellent features and flexibility, but application security is often in the hands of programmers. As a professional PHP developer, you should have some in-depth understanding of security vulnerabilities. Common security vulnerabilities include cross-site scripting attacks (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF), code injection vulnerabilities and character encoding vulnerabilities. Using specific functions and functions in PHP (such as mysql_real_escape_string, etc.) can help programmers write safe code.
5. Add comments
Code comments are an important part of the code and explain the purpose of function operation. This comment will provide very useful help in the future maintenance of the code.
6. Avoid abbreviation marks
A complete start mark should be used, and abbreviated start marks are not recommended.
7. Replace double quotes with single quotes
Since PHP performs variable searches on content in double quotes, to avoid the performance impact of this search, programmers should use single quotes to quote strings.
8. Escape output
The ENT_QUOTES parameter should be used in the htmlspecialchars function to ensure that single quotes (') can also be escaped. Although there is no regulation that it must be done, it is a good habit.
9. Use commas to separate string output
A string concatenator (.) can pass a single string to an echo statement for output. In contrast, commas can implement the separate output of strings in an echo statement, which is a performance improvement for PHP.
10. Check the passed value before output
Remember to check the passed value of $_GET['query'] before outputting. Use the isset function or the empty function to check whether the variable value is empty.