Chapter 1
Before it was installed, I heard that freebsd has fast, stable and high performance in the web server field, as fast and stable as "rock-solid". As an important member of the Unix BSD family, it has excellent network and security performance, rich software, simple and efficient, and completely free! I also found that the desktop system above it is not inferior to Linux.
I used to play Linux distributions including redhat, mandrake, and slackware, but I was playing with some initial installation configurations and didn't use Linux frequently. I felt that there were many Linux versions and it was difficult to choose from, and there were relatively many bugs... So I was eager to try freebsd...
I started playing the freebsd operating system around April this year. At that time, I downloaded the frebsd5.3ISO installation file from the Internet and burned it into a CD. In the vmware under Windows, the Aizhao handbook explained that the installation was successful step by step. However, because the network card and graphical interface x under vmware were not easy to configure, I switched to install the dual system. I encountered many difficulties in installation, and I had reinstalled it at least five or six times. I don't want to install it completely, I just want to minimize the installation of a clean system. Especially when installing Xorg, it either cannot be installed or started X. It takes a lot of time to compile and install it with ports. It takes a day or two to install xorg and gnome at a slow speed. Compiling kernel and source code is time-consuming. Of course, if you understand the basic concepts and processes, it is actually easier to install freebsd. The following is my freebsd installation and configuration process. Currently, it is installed in the 5.4stable version.
Before installation, it is assumed that you have read the installation process in the freebsd manual:
/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/
Start using a minimization installation. (I don’t understand what is considered to be minimized. I chose Standard(Begin a standard installation), and finally chose minimal when selecting the software package (Distributions), and also choose one more source code package src, and also choose ports.)
Just install it and follow the manual. I installed it with burned CD, and it is also more convenient to install it using ftp network.
When allocating disk space, I use a nearly 10G main partition (/dev/ad0s3) to install freebsd.
The partitions that can be referenced are roughly as follows:
a: / 128M
b: swap 512M
d: /var 576M
e: /tmp 256M
f: /home 2G
g: /usr 6G
After familiarizing yourself with the process, the basic system installation and configuration can be completed quickly according to the prompts.
After restarting and logging into the freebsd system, install cvsup under the Internet access conditions to upgrade synchronous ports and source code:
#pkg_add -r cvsup-without-gui
Then upgrade the port and kernel source code:
a. First copy the ports-supfile and stable-supfile upgrade configuration files to /etc:
(Use stable-supfile to upgrade to the stable version, and use standard-supfile to upgrade to the latest version)
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile /etc
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/stable-supfile /etc
b. Edit /etc/ports-supfile to configure host and remove the comments in front of ports-all;
c. Edit /etc/stable-supfile to configure host and remove the comments in front of src-all.
(For other configuration items, please refer to the manual and documentation help)
d. Upgrade ports:
#cvsup -g -L 2 ports-supfile
e. Upgrade source code:
#cvsup -g -L 2 stable-supfile
Then recompile the system (buildworld) and compile the kernel:
(You can read first whether it is necessary to upgrade the system by /usr/src/UPDATING)
＃cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
#cp GENERIC MYKERNEL
#ee MYKERNEL
(Edit the configuration kernel files, refer to manuals and documents, and try to remove some options that are not used by the system)
#cd /usr/src
#make buildworld
#make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
#make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
#reboot
Boot to single user mode (boot -s)
#mount -a
#mergemaster -p
#cd /usr/src
#make installworld
#mount -u /
#mergemaster
#reboot
This will be the upgrade completed.
(The upgrade process may take several hours to be patient. Some of the above commands are not very understanding, but the installation steps are still installed)
Before it was installed, I heard that freebsd has fast, stable and high performance in the web server field, as fast and stable as "rock-solid". As an important member of the Unix BSD family, it has excellent network and security performance, rich software, simple and efficient, and completely free! I also found that the desktop system above it is not inferior to Linux.
I used to play Linux distributions including redhat, mandrake, and slackware, but I was playing with some initial installation configurations and didn't use Linux frequently. I felt that there were many Linux versions and it was difficult to choose from, and there were relatively many bugs... So I was eager to try freebsd...
I started playing the freebsd operating system around April this year. At that time, I downloaded the frebsd5.3ISO installation file from the Internet and burned it into a CD. In the vmware under Windows, the Aizhao handbook explained that the installation was successful step by step. However, because the network card and graphical interface x under vmware were not easy to configure, I switched to install the dual system. I encountered many difficulties in installation, and I had reinstalled it at least five or six times. I don't want to install it completely, I just want to minimize the installation of a clean system. Especially when installing Xorg, it either cannot be installed or started X. It takes a lot of time to compile and install it with ports. It takes a day or two to install xorg and gnome at a slow speed. Compiling kernel and source code is time-consuming. Of course, if you understand the basic concepts and processes, it is actually easier to install freebsd. The following is my freebsd installation and configuration process. Currently, it is installed in the 5.4stable version.
Before installation, it is assumed that you have read the installation process in the freebsd manual:
/snap/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/
Start using a minimization installation. (I don’t understand what is considered to be minimized. I chose Standard(Begin a standard installation), and finally chose minimal when selecting the software package (Distributions), and also choose one more source code package src, and also choose ports.)
Just install it and follow the manual. I installed it with burned CD, and it is also more convenient to install it using ftp network.
When allocating disk space, I use a nearly 10G main partition (/dev/ad0s3) to install freebsd.
The partitions that can be referenced are roughly as follows:
a: / 128M
b: swap 512M
d: /var 576M
e: /tmp 256M
f: /home 2G
g: /usr 6G
After familiarizing yourself with the process, the basic system installation and configuration can be completed quickly according to the prompts.
After restarting and logging into the freebsd system, install cvsup under the Internet access conditions to upgrade synchronous ports and source code:
#pkg_add -r cvsup-without-gui
Then upgrade the port and kernel source code:
a. First copy the ports-supfile and stable-supfile upgrade configuration files to /etc:
(Use stable-supfile to upgrade to the stable version, and use standard-supfile to upgrade to the latest version)
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile /etc
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/stable-supfile /etc
b. Edit /etc/ports-supfile to configure host and remove the comments in front of ports-all;
c. Edit /etc/stable-supfile to configure host and remove the comments in front of src-all.
(For other configuration items, please refer to the manual and documentation help)
d. Upgrade ports:
#cvsup -g -L 2 ports-supfile
e. Upgrade source code:
#cvsup -g -L 2 stable-supfile
Then recompile the system (buildworld) and compile the kernel:
(You can read first whether it is necessary to upgrade the system by /usr/src/UPDATING)
＃cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
#cp GENERIC MYKERNEL
#ee MYKERNEL
(Edit the configuration kernel files, refer to manuals and documents, and try to remove some options that are not used by the system)
#cd /usr/src
#make buildworld
#make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
#make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
#reboot
Boot to single user mode (boot -s)
#mount -a
#mergemaster -p
#cd /usr/src
#make installworld
#mount -u /
#mergemaster
#reboot
This will be the upgrade completed.
(The upgrade process may take several hours to be patient. Some of the above commands are not very understanding, but the installation steps are still installed)
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