Linux using parted for disk partitioning

Introduction

LinuxIn-housepartedCommands are a multi-functional tool for creating, modifying, and managing disk partitions. It supports traditionalMBR(Master Boot Record: Master Boot Record) and modernGPT(GUID Partition Table: GUID Partition Table) Partition scheme.

The main reasons for disk partitioning

• Optimal performance: Proper partition management can improve system speed and responsiveness. For example, separating operating system files from user data, or placing frequently accessed data on faster sections on disk can improve performance.

• Data Organization: Partitioning allows users to isolate data based on type, purpose, or importance. For example, system files, personal data, and backup files can be placed in separate partitions to ensure better organization and faster data retrieval.

• Data Security: By isolating sensitive or critical data in its own partition, you can reduce the risk of being affected by system crashes, malware, or corrupted software on other partitions.

• Backup and Restore: Partitioning makes backup data more direct. Instead of backing up the entire drive, you can focus on specific partitions. This makes the recovery process faster and is more targeted when data is lost.

• Dual boot and system upgrade: A separate partition is crucial for those who want to run multiple operating systems or test new software versions. This allows users to have multiple operating system versions or settings without interfering with their main system.

Main features

• Create, delete, resize, and move partitions.

• useGPTSupports large disk sizes (>2 TB).

• Can handle various file systems such asext4、NTFS、FAT32wait.

• Suitable for interactive and non-interactive modes.

grammar

parted [options] [device] [command [arguments]]

• device: The target disk, for example:/dev/sda, /dev/nvme0n1

• command: Specific operations, such as creating or resizing partitions.

Common options and subcommands

• -l, --list: List the partition layouts on all block devices

• -a <alignment-type>, --align <alignment-type>: Set the alignment for newly created partitions

• align-check <type> <partition>: Alignment check,typeType is:minimaloroptimal

• mklabel <label-type>: Create a new partition table

• mkpart [part-type name fs-type] [start] [end]: Create a new partition

• print [print-type]: Display partition table

• rescue [start] [end]: Rescue and restore lost partitions

• resizepart [partition] [end]:Reallocate partition size

• rm [partition]: Delete the partition

• select [device]: Select the device, select the device as the current device to be edited. The equipment should usually beLinuxHard disk device, but if necessary it can be a partition, a software raid device, or an LVM logical volume.

• set [partition] [flag] [state]: Set the partition flag and status

Example usage

Start Parted in interactive mode

sudo parted /dev/sdX

Start Parted in non-interactive mode

sudo parted /dev/sdX mklabel gpt

View partition table

sudo parted /dev/sdX print

Create a partition table

Choose GPT (recommended for modern systems) or MBR

sudo parted /dev/sdX mklabel gpt

sudo parted /dev/sdX mklabel msdos

Create a partition

Create a primary partition

sudo parted /dev/sdX mkpart primary ext4 0% 50%

• primary: Partition type

• ext4: File system type

• 0%: Start position (start of disk)

• 50%: End location (50% of disk space)

Format partition

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX1

Reassign partition size

Resize the partition to 80% of the disk:

sudo parted /dev/sdX resizepart 1 80%

# 1 represents the partition number

Delete a partition

sudo parted /dev/sdX rm 1

# 1 represents the partition number

Interactive mode example

sudo parted /dev/sdX

(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 100%
(parted) print
(parted) quit

Align partitions

sudo parted /dev/sdX mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 100% --align optimal

Check partition

sudo parted /dev/sdX check 1

Setting bootable flags

Mark the partition as bootable

sudo parted /dev/sdX set 1 boot on

Change the name of the partition

sudo parted /dev/sdX name 1 MyPartition

Create a full disk partition

sudo parted /dev/sdX mklabel gpt
sudo parted /dev/sdX mkpart primary ext4 0% 100%

Script partition creation

To achieve automation, run commands without interaction

sudo parted /dev/sdX --script mklabel gpt
sudo parted /dev/sdX --script mkpart primary ext4 1MiB 50%

The main similarities and similarities between MBR and GPT

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