Python uses execute_script to simulate mouse scrolling, mouse clicking and other examples

When we write selenium to obtain network information, we are sometimes monitored by the other party's browser js. By analyzing user behavior patterns, such as clicking, scrolling, staying time, etc., the website can recognize abnormal behaviors, and thus restrict Selenium crawlers.

Here we can add JavaScript to use. Selenium can execute JavaScript by usingexecute_scriptmethod to perform click operation.

It can bypass some issues that may be encountered when Selenium operates elements directly, such asThe element is not fully loaded、Elements are blockedOr requires more complex interactions.

Here are a few usesexecute_scriptHow to perform click operation:

1. Simulate the mouse direct click event

element = driver.find_element_by_id("myButton")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", element)

This code finds the IDmyButtonand use JavaScript to directly contact the click event of the element.

2. Intercept pop-up window

Avoid pop-ups by overwriting the built-in methods of the browser, such as alert, confirm, prompt, etc.

driver.execute_script(''' = function() {
    ("Alert function called, but blocked.");
};
 = function() {
    ("Confirm function called, but blocked.");
    return true; // Return true to simulate the user clicking the "OK" button};
 = function() {
    ("Prompt function called, but blocked.");
    return null; // Return to null to simulate the user clicking the "Cancel" button};''')

With the above code, all methods that call alert, confirm and prompt will be intercepted and no window will pop up. This method is simple and effective and works in most cases.

3. Create and distribute click events

This method creates a new click event and distributes it to the specified element, which can provide more control, such as simulating a right-click on the mouse.

element = driver.find_element("myButton")
driver.execute_script("var event = new MouseEvent('click', {"
                     "view: window,"
                     "bubbles: true,"
                     "cancelable: true});"
                     "arguments[0].dispatchEvent(event);", element)

During operation, if you encounter the following problems:

“JavascriptException: javascript error: arguments[0].dispatchEvent is not a function”

This means that

4. Use JavaScript to simulate mouse hover and click

If you need more complex mouse operations, such as clicking after hovering, you can use the following methods:

element = driver.find_element_by_id("myButton")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0]. = 'pointer';", element)
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].onmouseover = function() {"
                     "arguments[0]. = 'yellow'; };", element)
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].onmouseout = function() {"
                     "arguments[0]. = 'white'; };", element)
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", element)

5. Scroll to the element and click

If the element is not in the visual area, you may need to scroll to the element before performing a click:

element = driver.find_element_by_id("myButton")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", element)
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", element)

6. Wait for the element to be clicked before executing the click

Sometimes, elements may take some time to load or become clickable, which you can useexecute_scriptLet's wait for this condition:

element = driver.find_element_by_id("myButton")
driver.execute_script("while (arguments[0].disabled || "
                     "arguments[0]. === 'none' || "
                     "arguments[0]. === 'hidden') {"
                     "setTimeout(function() {}, 100); };"
                     "arguments[0].click();", element)

These methods are available for use in different scenariosexecute_scriptAn example of performing a click operation.

You can choose the method that best suits your needs according to the actual situation.

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