Spring Boot Unified Exception Interception Practice Guide (Latest Recommendation)

Spring Boot Unified Exception Intercept Practice Guide

1. Why is it necessary to handle exceptions uniformly

In web application development, exception handling is an important part of ensuring system robustness and user experience. Common pain points in traditional development models include:

• Exception handling logic is scattered in various controllers
• Error response format is not uniform
• Sensitive exception information is directly exposed to the client
• Repeat the code for similar exception handling

By unifying the exception interception mechanism, we can:

• Centrally manage exception handling logic
• Standardize API error response format
• Automatically convert exceptions to friendly prompts
• Reduce duplicate code and improve maintainability

2. Core implementation plan

1. Basic components

Spring Boot provides two key annotations to implement global exception handling:

• @ControllerAdvice: Define global controller enhancement
• @ExceptionHandler: Declare specific exception handling methods

2. Implementation steps

(1) Create a custom exception class

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    private final int code;
    public BusinessException(int code, String message) {
        super(message);
         = code;
    }
    // getters
}

(2) Implement the global exception handler

@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    /**
      * Handle business exceptions
      */
    @ExceptionHandler()
    public ResponseResult<Void> handleBusinessException(BusinessException ex) {
        return ((), ());
    }
    /**
      * Handle null pointer exceptions
      */
    @ExceptionHandler()
    public ResponseResult<Void> handleNullPointerException(NullPointerException ex) {
        ("Null pointer exception:", ex);
        return (500, "Internal system error");
    }
    /**
      * Handle all undefined exceptions
      */
    @ExceptionHandler()
    public ResponseResult<Void> handleGlobalException(Exception ex) {
        ("System Exception:", ex);
        return (500, "The system is busy, please try again later");
    }
}

(3) Unified response format packaging

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class ResponseResult<T> {
    private int code;
    private String message;
    private T data;
    public static <T> ResponseResult<T> success(T data) {
        return new ResponseResult<>(200, "success", data);
    }
    public static <T> ResponseResult<T> fail(int code, String message) {
        return new ResponseResult<>(code, message, null);
    }
}

3. Advanced processing skills

1. Handle parameter verification exceptions

Automatically handle parameter verification errors with the Validation API:

@ExceptionHandler()
public ResponseResult<Void> handleValidException(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
    String message = ()
            .getFieldErrors()
            .stream()
            .map(FieldError::getDefaultMessage)
            .collect((", "));
    return (400, message);
}

2. Handle 404 errors

Spring Boot's default 404 error requires special handling:

@Configuration
public class ErrorConfig implements ErrorController {
    @RequestMapping("/error")
    public ResponseResult<Void> handleNoHandlerFound() {
        return (404, "The interface does not exist");
    }
}

3. Distinguish between production/development environments

Configure in:

#Development environment displays detailed errors-stacktrace=always
# Production environment hidden details# -stacktrace=never

IV. Analysis of the advantages of the plan

• Unified response format: All exceptions return to the same structure, which is convenient for front-end processing
• Exception classification processing: The processing logic can be customized for different exception types
• Sensitive information filtering: Avoid exposing sensitive content such as stack information
• Log centralized logging: Unified records of exception logs to facilitate problem investigation
• High code reuse rate: Reduce exception handling code in Controller layer

5. Best Practice Suggestions

• A well-defined business exception system
• Design appropriate HTTP status codes for different exception types
• Production environment shutdown detailed error message
• Generate API documents with Swagger and other tools
• Writing unit test verification exception handling logic

Complete sample code structure:

src/main/java
├── exception
│   ├── 
│   └── 
├── config
│   └── 
└── model
    └── 

By implementing a unified exception handling mechanism, the robustness and maintainability of Spring Boot applications can be significantly improved. Developers can focus on business logic development while ensuring that the system's exception handling complies with the specifications.

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