Use and instructions for vue file

1. Introduction

Introduction Document

Is a file located in the root directory of a JavaScript project that defines various metadata for the project.

These metadata include project name, version, description, author, dependencies, script commands, etc. It is the core configuration file for npm (Node Package Manager) projects.

Its importance in Vue projects

In the Vue project,Documents play a crucial role:

• Dependency management: Define the third-party libraries and tools required for the project, and these dependencies can be automatically installed and managed through npm.
• Script commands: Provides a convenient way to define and run commonly used development tasks, such as starting a development server, building a project, running tests, etc.
• Project Information: Contains basic information about the project, such as name, version, author, etc., which helps team collaboration and project management.
• Version control: Through semantic version control, ensure the stability and consistency of the project in different environments.

In the Vue project,Files not only help developers manage project dependencies and configuration, but also play an important role in team collaboration and continuous integration.

2. Basic structure

Name and version number

Name (name):

• The unique identifier of the item, usually lowercase letters and hyphens.
• Special characters and reserved words should be avoided.
• Example:"name": "my-vue-project"

Version number (version):

• Follow semantic version control, format。
• It should be updated every time a new version is released.
• Example:"version": "1.0.0"

Private project identity (private):

• existIn the file,privateThe attribute is used to indicate that the package is private and cannot be published to the npm registry.
• WillprivateThe property is set totrueCan prevent accidental releases. Its main functions include:

1. Prevent publication:ifprivateSet astrue, try usingnpm publishAn error is thrown when publishing the package to avoid accidentally publishing private packages to the public registry.
2. Identify private projects: Can be used to mark the project for internal use and is not intended to be published publicly.

Example:

{
  "name": "my-private-package",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "dependencies": {
    "express": "^4.17.1"
  }
}

In this example,my-private-packageIt is a private package and cannot be published to npm.

Description and author information

describe (description):

• Briefly describe the function or purpose of the project.
• Helps to quickly understand projects in package manager or code base.

Example:

"description": "A  project for managing tasks"

Author information (author):

• Contains the author's name and email address.
• Can include URLs.

Example:

"author": "Jane Doe <@> ()"

3. Dependency management

dependenciesanddevDependencies

dependencies:

• These are the dependencies required for the project to run in a production environment.
• For example, itself and other libraries that need to be used in the application.
• When runningnpm installhour,dependenciesAll packages in it will be installed.

devDependencies:

• These are dependencies that are only used in development and testing environments.
• Including build tools (such as Webpack), testing frameworks (such as Jest), code formatting tools (such as ESLint), etc.
• usenpm install --productionWhen these dependencies are not installed.

Semantics of version numbers

Semantic Versioning (SemVer):

• The format is,like1.2.3。
• MAJOR: There are major changes and are incompatible with old versions.
• MINOR: Added new features, but backward compatible.
• PATCH: Fix errors, backward compatibility.

Version range symbol:

• ^(care): Allows update to the latest version without changing the main version number. For example,^1.2.3Will match。
• ~(Tark): Allows update to the latest version without changing the subversion number. For example,~1.2.3Will match1.。
• *: Any version number, usually not recommended.

Through proper managementdependenciesanddevDependencies, and follow semantic versioning, Vue projects can maintain stability and compatibility while ensuring smooth development.

4. Script commands

Use scripts to define common commands

existmiddle,scriptsFields are used to define common commands in projects.

These commands can be passednpm run <script-name>to execute, simplifying the execution process of common tasks.

Example: Start, build, test

Start the development server:

"scripts": {
  "serve": "vue-cli-service serve"
}

• usenpm run serveStart a development server, usually used for local development and debugging.

Build a project:

"scripts": {
  "build": "vue-cli-service build"
}

• usenpm run buildConstruct the project's production environment and generate optimized static files.

Run the test:

"scripts": {
  "test": "vue-cli-service test"
}

• usenpm run testRun the project's test suite to ensure the code quality and functionality are correct.

By defining these script commands, developers can perform common tasks more efficiently, improving the efficiency of development and deployment.

5. Configure metadata

mainandmoduleproperty

main property:

• Specifies the entry file for the module in the environment.
• When other projects passrequireorimportWhen introducing this package, it will start parsing from this file.

Example:

"main": "dist/"

module property:

• Provides an entry file that uses the ES Module syntax.
• Modern packaging tools (such as Webpack, Rollup) will prioritize this property to take advantage of ES6's module features (such as tree-shaking).

Example:

"module": "dist/"

browserFields

• Specifies the entry file that applies to the browser environment.
• Can be coveredmainandmodule, let the packager use specific files when building for the browser.
• Supports the provision of alternative implementations for specific modules to optimize performance in the browser environment.

Example:

"browser": {
  "./node/": "./browser/"
}

By configuring these metadata attributes, developers can better control how modules are loaded in different environments and optimize project compatibility and performance.

6. Other important fields

licenseandrepository

license Fields:

• Specifies the open source license type for the project.
• This helps users understand how they can use and distribute the software.

Example:

"license": "MIT"

repository Fields:

• Provides the repository location of the project source code.
• Aids in collaboration and version control.

Example:

"repository": {
  "type": "	git",
  "url": "/username/"
}

bugsandhomepage

bugs Fields:

• Provide a way to report project problems.
• It can be the URL or email address of the issue tracking page.

Example:

"bugs": {
  "url": "/username/project/issues"
}

homepage Fields:

• Specify the homepage URL of the project.
• Usually used to point to the official website or document page of the project.

Example:

"homepage": ""

These fields help provide basic information and support channels for the project, making it easier for users and developers to use and contribute.

7. How to use

Initialize and update

initialization:

• usenpm initCommand creates a new onedocument.
• The interactive command line will guide you to fill in the basic information of the project (such as name, version, description, etc.).
• Quick initialization can be usednpm init -y, this will generate a default value。

renew:

• Manually edit the file to update project information, dependencies, or scripts.
• usenpm install <package>@latestYou can update a dependency to the latest version and automatically update itversion number in.

Commonly used commands

npm install:

• InstallAll dependencies listed in
• If added--saveFlags (default behavior for npm 5 and above) will add newly installed packages todependencies。
• npm install <package>: Install specific packages and add them todependencies。
• npm install <package> --save-dev: Install specific packages and add them todevDependencies。

npm update:

• Update project dependencies to conformThe latest version of the specified version range.
• Will not be updated automaticallyversion number in.

Through these commands, developers can easily manage project dependencies and configurations, ensuring consistency and maintainability of the project environment.

8. Best Practices

Version Management

Use semantic version:

• Follow semantic version control (SemVer), format。
• Maintain the consistency of the version to ensure the stability of the project.
• For example:1.0.0Represents a major version,1.0.1Indicates a minor fix.

Locking dependent versions:

• useorTo lock the exact version of the installation.
• Make sure team members and production environments use the same dependency version and avoid issues caused by version differences.

Regularly update dependencies:

• Regular usenpm outdatedCheck for outdated dependencies.
• When updating dependencies, the test ensures that no new issues are introduced.

Keep files tidy and readable

Reasonable order of field organization:

• Add important fields (such asname、version、description) Place it at the top of the file.
• A clear field order helps quickly understand the basic information of the project.

Use comments and documents:

• Provides about the code baseDocumentation description of the field.
• Use the README file to interpret project dependencies and scripts.

Keep the dependency list simple:

• Regularly clean up dependencies that are no longer used.
• make suredependenciesanddevDependenciesThe classification is accurate.

Through these best practices, projects can be improved maintainability and collaborative efficiency, ensuring consistency and stability of projects in different environments.

Summarize

The above is personal experience. I hope you can give you a reference and I hope you can support me more.