Basic installation and maintenance of CISCO routers
1 Control port connection
First connect one end of the control cable RJ45 in the CISCO2500/1000 series router accessories to CISCO CON
On the SOLE port, the CISO7000/4000 series router connects one end of the DB25 of the MODEM cable to the C of CISCO
On the CONSOLE port, one end of DB9 is connected to COM1/2 of the PC.
Set up emulation terminal program on PC: For example, use TERMINAL program in WINDOWS, use COM1/2, 960
0BPS，8
DATA BIT，2STOP
BIT. The rest use default values. After connecting the control port, turn on the power switch of the router.
2 Initial installation
It is generally recommended to use a machine to install it, which is both beautiful and easy to maintain.
! ! ! Note: The router must use power supply with an efficient ground. The ground floor of the power supply that is generally required
The voltage is <4V, and the voltage of zero fire/ground fire is 220V. Ground line protection basically requires that the equipment that is online must be guaranteed
Ground protection, these devices include hosts and workstations
, HUB, switch, router and MODEM connected to router, etc. The terminal or PC that configures the router must also be
Power supply with an effective ground must be used.
CISCO's synchronous serial interface is multi-purpose. Different interfaces can be drawn through different cables, such as RS232.
V.35, etc. And the cables of the CISCO synchronous serial interface cable are particularly prefabricated.
The system will automatically enter DIALOG during the first installation
SETUP. Answer the router name, encrypted super login password, super login password, remote login password
, dynamic routing protocol, configuration of each interface, etc. Then answer YES to save the configuration. Then wait for 2 minutes.
according to
Enter the car. The router name appears. Enter the ENABLE command and answer the super login password. The router appears
name#. Enter CONFIG
TERMINAL configuration router:
NO SERVICE CONFIG
NO IP DOMAIN－LOOKUP
(Further configuration)
Press CTRL-Z to exit, and the router name # appears. Enter WRITE
MEMORY saves configuration.
3 General synchronous dialing, dedicated line, DDN connection configuration
IPX routing IPX routing
INTERFACE SERIAL 0 INTERFACE SERIAL 0
IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.2.
255.0.0.0
IPX NETWORK 111 IPX
NETWORK 111
INTERFACE ETHERNET 0 INTERFACE ETHERNET 0
IP ADDRESS 12.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 IPADDRESS 16.1.1.1
255.0.0.0
IPX NETWORK 123456 IPX
NETWORK 987654
ROUTER IGRP 1 ROUTER
IGRP 1
NETWORK 1.0.0.0 NETWORK 1.0.0.0
NETWORK 12.0.0.0 NETWORK
16.0.0.0
4 X.25 connection configuration
IP ROUTING IP
ROUTING
INTERFACE SERIAL 0 INTERFACE SERIAL 0
IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.2
255.0.0.0
ENCAPSULATION X25 ENCAPSULATION X25
X25 ADDRESS 32699 X25 ADDRESS 32688
X25 HTC 16 X25 HTC 16
X25 IDLE
6 X25 IDLE 6
X25 map ip 1.1.1. 2 32688 broadcast X25 map ip 1.1.1.1
32699 broadcast
INTERFACE ETHERNET 0 INTERFACE ETHERNET 0
IP ADDRESS 12.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 IP ADDRESS 16.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
ROUTER IGRP 1 ROUTER IGRP
1
NETWORK 1.0.0.0 NETWORK 1.0.0.0
NETWORK 12.0.0.0 NETWORK 16.0.0.0
5 General fault judgment
First, look at the status of the MODEM. If the DCD of the MODEM is not lit, it means the line connection is faulty. Please check the line first.
connect.
Check the cable connection of the router again.
Connect the control terminal to the router. Press Enter the number of carriages, the router name appears, and enter the show
interface serial 0
Watch the status of the first line, line and line protocol:
If line is
up, indicates the DCD signal of the line interface received by the router; otherwise, the DCD signal of the line interface is low
。
If line protocol is
up, indicates that the line protocol matching of the line interface is successful. Otherwise, the line protocol matching failed.
Enter show interface ethernet 0
If line protocol is up, it means that the line interface is connected normally.
6 Fault detection and troubleshooting methods
There may be some faults in the communication system during operation. How can we quickly find out the fault and repair it in time
Change is the key to maintaining the normal operation of the system. Below, we provide ports, lines, links, etc.
Some reference methods:
(2) Determine the Ethernet port failure:
For the diagnosis of Ethernet port failure, we can use show interface
ethernet 0
(For diagnosis of Ethernet port 0) command, it is used to check the status of a link, as shown below:
router# show int ethernet 0
EtherNet 0 is up,line protocol is up
: Normal =======================Ethernet 0 is up,line protocol is up
: Connection failure, router is not connected to LAN ======Ethernet 0 is up,line
protocol is down
: Interface failure ====== Ethernet 0 is down,line protocol is down(disable)
: The interface is artificially closed ===== Ethernet 0 is administratively down,line
protocol is down (interface_mode can be used in configuration state
Remove the shutdown command).
In addition, when we suspect that the port has a physical failure, it is possible to show
version, the port with normal physical properties will be displayed, while the port with physical failure will not be displayed.
(2) Determine serial port failure
When a communication interruption with the remote is found, we should isolate the fault in the following order:
Line---*} port
Determine whether the line is interrupted
：DDNline。 Check the DTU indicator lights. There are four indicator lights on the DTU: Power, Line, DTR, and Rea
dy
. The Power light should remain on after powering on the DTU, and the Line and Ready lights represent the DTU and DDN node machine.
When connecting, these two lights should also be on forever under normal circumstances.
If any difference is found, you should contact the DDN network management center in time. DTR light indicates the connection between DTU and DTE (router)
Connection situation, when the router is powered on, if the serial port is normal, the DTR light on the DTU should also remain on (when
When the line is blocked, flash off occasionally).
: Simulated circuit. Check the indicator lights on MODEM. For synchronous dedicated lines, generally speaking, CD, TD, and RD should be guaranteed.
Keep it on for a long time, when data is transmitted on the WAN line, the TD and RD lights will keep flashing when these lights are not correct.
At normal times, contact the telecommunications department.
(b) Determine port failure:
For the diagnosis of serial port failure, we can use show interface serial
0
(For the diagnosis of serial port 0, other serial ports are similar) command, it is used to check a link
The status of the following:
router# show int serial 0
Serial 0 is up,line protocol is up
: Serialt 0 is up,line protocol is up======Normal
: serial 0 is up,line protocol is
down=====The port has no physical failure, but the upper layer protocol is not connected (IP, IPX, X25, etc., please check the router's
Configure the command to check whether the address matches).
: Serial 0 is down,line protocol is
down(disable): The port has a physical failure, and only the port is replaced.
: Serial 0 is down,line protocol is
down: DCE equipment (MODEN/DTU) has not sent a carrier/clock signal, please contact the telecommunications department.
: Serial 0 is administratively down,line protocol is
down===== The interface is artificially closed, and interface_mode can be used in the configuration state
Remove the shutdown command.
In addition, when we suspect that the port has a physical failure, it is possible to show
version, the port with normal physical properties will be displayed, while the port with physical failure will not be displayed.
7 General Commands
(=The following command is the equivalent command provided after 11.0)
enable to enter super login
disable log out of super login
show config=show start Show NVRAM configuration
write terminal=show run Show the currently valid configuration
write memory=copy run start saves the currently valid configuration into NVRAM
write erase Clear NVRAM configuration
show interface serial 0 Displays the status of serial interface 0
show ip route Show current IP routing table
show ipx route displays the current IPX routing table
show ipx servers Show current IPx server table
config
Terminal configures the router from the terminal and press CTRL-Z to exit
ipx routing Activate IPX on this router
interface serial 0 Configure synchronous serial interface 0
encapsulation ppp The line protocol of this interface is PPP
ip address 12.1.1.1
255.0.0.0 The IP address of this interface is 12.1.1.1 and the subnet mask is 255.0.0.0
ipx
new 123456 The IPX network address of this interface is 123456
router rip configuration routing protocol RIP
network 12.0.0.0 This routing protocol includes 12.0.0.0 network
1 Control port connection
First connect one end of the control cable RJ45 in the CISCO2500/1000 series router accessories to CISCO CON
On the SOLE port, the CISO7000/4000 series router connects one end of the DB25 of the MODEM cable to the C of CISCO
On the CONSOLE port, one end of DB9 is connected to COM1/2 of the PC.
Set up emulation terminal program on PC: For example, use TERMINAL program in WINDOWS, use COM1/2, 960
0BPS，8
DATA BIT，2STOP
BIT. The rest use default values. After connecting the control port, turn on the power switch of the router.
2 Initial installation
It is generally recommended to use a machine to install it, which is both beautiful and easy to maintain.
! ! ! Note: The router must use power supply with an efficient ground. The ground floor of the power supply that is generally required
The voltage is <4V, and the voltage of zero fire/ground fire is 220V. Ground line protection basically requires that the equipment that is online must be guaranteed
Ground protection, these devices include hosts and workstations
, HUB, switch, router and MODEM connected to router, etc. The terminal or PC that configures the router must also be
Power supply with an effective ground must be used.
CISCO's synchronous serial interface is multi-purpose. Different interfaces can be drawn through different cables, such as RS232.
V.35, etc. And the cables of the CISCO synchronous serial interface cable are particularly prefabricated.
The system will automatically enter DIALOG during the first installation
SETUP. Answer the router name, encrypted super login password, super login password, remote login password
, dynamic routing protocol, configuration of each interface, etc. Then answer YES to save the configuration. Then wait for 2 minutes.
according to
Enter the car. The router name appears. Enter the ENABLE command and answer the super login password. The router appears
name#. Enter CONFIG
TERMINAL configuration router:
NO SERVICE CONFIG
NO IP DOMAIN－LOOKUP
(Further configuration)
Press CTRL-Z to exit, and the router name # appears. Enter WRITE
MEMORY saves configuration.
3 General synchronous dialing, dedicated line, DDN connection configuration
IPX routing IPX routing
INTERFACE SERIAL 0 INTERFACE SERIAL 0
IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.2.
255.0.0.0
IPX NETWORK 111 IPX
NETWORK 111
INTERFACE ETHERNET 0 INTERFACE ETHERNET 0
IP ADDRESS 12.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 IPADDRESS 16.1.1.1
255.0.0.0
IPX NETWORK 123456 IPX
NETWORK 987654
ROUTER IGRP 1 ROUTER
IGRP 1
NETWORK 1.0.0.0 NETWORK 1.0.0.0
NETWORK 12.0.0.0 NETWORK
16.0.0.0
4 X.25 connection configuration
IP ROUTING IP
ROUTING
INTERFACE SERIAL 0 INTERFACE SERIAL 0
IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.2
255.0.0.0
ENCAPSULATION X25 ENCAPSULATION X25
X25 ADDRESS 32699 X25 ADDRESS 32688
X25 HTC 16 X25 HTC 16
X25 IDLE
6 X25 IDLE 6
X25 map ip 1.1.1. 2 32688 broadcast X25 map ip 1.1.1.1
32699 broadcast
INTERFACE ETHERNET 0 INTERFACE ETHERNET 0
IP ADDRESS 12.1.1.1 255.0.0.0 IP ADDRESS 16.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
ROUTER IGRP 1 ROUTER IGRP
1
NETWORK 1.0.0.0 NETWORK 1.0.0.0
NETWORK 12.0.0.0 NETWORK 16.0.0.0
5 General fault judgment
First, look at the status of the MODEM. If the DCD of the MODEM is not lit, it means the line connection is faulty. Please check the line first.
connect.
Check the cable connection of the router again.
Connect the control terminal to the router. Press Enter the number of carriages, the router name appears, and enter the show
interface serial 0
Watch the status of the first line, line and line protocol:
If line is
up, indicates the DCD signal of the line interface received by the router; otherwise, the DCD signal of the line interface is low
。
If line protocol is
up, indicates that the line protocol matching of the line interface is successful. Otherwise, the line protocol matching failed.
Enter show interface ethernet 0
If line protocol is up, it means that the line interface is connected normally.
6 Fault detection and troubleshooting methods
There may be some faults in the communication system during operation. How can we quickly find out the fault and repair it in time
Change is the key to maintaining the normal operation of the system. Below, we provide ports, lines, links, etc.
Some reference methods:
(2) Determine the Ethernet port failure:
For the diagnosis of Ethernet port failure, we can use show interface
ethernet 0
(For diagnosis of Ethernet port 0) command, it is used to check the status of a link, as shown below:
router# show int ethernet 0
EtherNet 0 is up,line protocol is up
: Normal =======================Ethernet 0 is up,line protocol is up
: Connection failure, router is not connected to LAN ======Ethernet 0 is up,line
protocol is down
: Interface failure ====== Ethernet 0 is down,line protocol is down(disable)
: The interface is artificially closed ===== Ethernet 0 is administratively down,line
protocol is down (interface_mode can be used in configuration state
Remove the shutdown command).
In addition, when we suspect that the port has a physical failure, it is possible to show
version, the port with normal physical properties will be displayed, while the port with physical failure will not be displayed.
(2) Determine serial port failure
When a communication interruption with the remote is found, we should isolate the fault in the following order:
Line---*} port
Determine whether the line is interrupted
：DDNline。 Check the DTU indicator lights. There are four indicator lights on the DTU: Power, Line, DTR, and Rea
dy
. The Power light should remain on after powering on the DTU, and the Line and Ready lights represent the DTU and DDN node machine.
When connecting, these two lights should also be on forever under normal circumstances.
If any difference is found, you should contact the DDN network management center in time. DTR light indicates the connection between DTU and DTE (router)
Connection situation, when the router is powered on, if the serial port is normal, the DTR light on the DTU should also remain on (when
When the line is blocked, flash off occasionally).
: Simulated circuit. Check the indicator lights on MODEM. For synchronous dedicated lines, generally speaking, CD, TD, and RD should be guaranteed.
Keep it on for a long time, when data is transmitted on the WAN line, the TD and RD lights will keep flashing when these lights are not correct.
At normal times, contact the telecommunications department.
(b) Determine port failure:
For the diagnosis of serial port failure, we can use show interface serial
0
(For the diagnosis of serial port 0, other serial ports are similar) command, it is used to check a link
The status of the following:
router# show int serial 0
Serial 0 is up,line protocol is up
: Serialt 0 is up,line protocol is up======Normal
: serial 0 is up,line protocol is
down=====The port has no physical failure, but the upper layer protocol is not connected (IP, IPX, X25, etc., please check the router's
Configure the command to check whether the address matches).
: Serial 0 is down,line protocol is
down(disable): The port has a physical failure, and only the port is replaced.
: Serial 0 is down,line protocol is
down: DCE equipment (MODEN/DTU) has not sent a carrier/clock signal, please contact the telecommunications department.
: Serial 0 is administratively down,line protocol is
down===== The interface is artificially closed, and interface_mode can be used in the configuration state
Remove the shutdown command.
In addition, when we suspect that the port has a physical failure, it is possible to show
version, the port with normal physical properties will be displayed, while the port with physical failure will not be displayed.
7 General Commands
(=The following command is the equivalent command provided after 11.0)
enable to enter super login
disable log out of super login
show config=show start Show NVRAM configuration
write terminal=show run Show the currently valid configuration
write memory=copy run start saves the currently valid configuration into NVRAM
write erase Clear NVRAM configuration
show interface serial 0 Displays the status of serial interface 0
show ip route Show current IP routing table
show ipx route displays the current IPX routing table
show ipx servers Show current IPx server table
config
Terminal configures the router from the terminal and press CTRL-Z to exit
ipx routing Activate IPX on this router
interface serial 0 Configure synchronous serial interface 0
encapsulation ppp The line protocol of this interface is PPP
ip address 12.1.1.1
255.0.0.0 The IP address of this interface is 12.1.1.1 and the subnet mask is 255.0.0.0
ipx
new 123456 The IPX network address of this interface is 123456
router rip configuration routing protocol RIP
network 12.0.0.0 This routing protocol includes 12.0.0.0 network