10base-t: twisted pair cables, generally use rj-45 connectors; the maximum effective transmission distance is 100m away from the hub, and even high-quality Class 5 twisted pair cables can only reach 150m. Its matching resistance is 120 ohms.
10base5: Thick coaxial cable, using plug-in tap; using baseband signal; maximum support segment length is 500m, maximum segment number is 100. Its matching resistance is 75 ohms.
10base2: Thin coaxial cable, the connector uses industry-standard BNC connector to form a T-type socket; the use range is only 200 meters, and only 30 computers can be used in each section, with a maximum number of segments of 30. Its matching resistance is 50 ohms.
100base-tx: Use twisted pair wires of Class 5 or above, and the length of the network segment can be up to 100m.
100base-fx: Use one-to-multimode or single-mode fiber. When using multi-mode fiber, the distance between the computer and the hub can be up to 2km, and when using single-mode fiber, it can be up to 10km.
1000base-t: Use twisted pair wires of Class 5 or above, and the length of the network segment can be up to 100m.
1000base-f: Use one-to-multi-mode or single-mode fiber. When using multi-mode fiber, the distance between the computer and the hub can reach a maximum of 300-550m (500m), and the maximum of 3km when using single-mode fiber.
1000base-lx can be connected to single and multi-mode fibers; 1000base-sx can only be connected to multi-mode fibers.
1000base-lx uses single-mode fiber transmission 5 km
1000base-lx uses multimode optical fiber (50um) to transmit 550m
1000base-lx multimode fiber (62.5um) transmission 550m
1000base-sx multimode fiber (50um) transmission 275m
1000base-sx multimode fiber (62.5um) transmission 550m
100base-fx single-mode module uses single-mode fiber transmission 10-20 kilometers
100base-fx multimode module uses multimode fiber transmission 2 km
two. WAN interface cable standard
e1：64k-2mbps。
x25: Maximum rate is 64kbps.
frame relay: adopts an e1 circuit, the speed can range from 64k to 2mbps.
v24: The router end is a db50 connector, and the external network end is a 25-pin connector.
In the asynchronous working mode, the link layer protocol ppp is encapsulated, and the network layer protocols IP and ipx are supported, with the maximum transmission rate being 115200bps;
In synchronization mode, link layer protocols such as x.25, frame relay, ppp, hdlc, slip and lapb can be encapsulated, supporting ip and ipx, and the maximum transmission rate is only 64,000bps.
Transmission distance: Related to transmission rate, 2400bps-60m; 4800bps-60m; 9600bps-30m; 19200bps-30m; 38400bps-20m; 64000bps-20m; 115200bps-10m.
v35: The router end is a db50 connector, and the external network end is a 34-pin connector.
V35 cable is generally only used to transmit data in synchronous manner. It can be packaged with link layer protocols such as x.25, frame relay, ppp, slip, lapb, etc. on the interface, and supports network layer protocols ip and ipx.
The recognized maximum speed for v.35 cable transmission (in synchronization mode) is 2048000bps (2mbps).
Transmission distance: Related to transmission rate, 2400bps-1250m; 4800bps-625m; 9600bps-312m; 19200bps-156m; 38400bps-78m; 56000bps-60m; 64000bps-50m; 2048000bps-30m.
The following are some common but important control signals in the v.24 and v.35 regulations:
dtr (data terminal ready, data terminal is ready)
dsr (data set ready data is ready), mainly used to transmit negotiation information between devices.
dcd (data carrier detect data carrier detection), used by the device to detect the current link status.
rts(request to send request to send)
cts (clear to send clear send)
bri: Use rj-45 crystal head connector. The bandwidth customized by the interface regulations is 2b+d, with a total of 128kbps.
ce1: The time slot range that can be used is 1~31, and time slot 0 is used for system synchronization and cannot be used for data transmission. Each logical interface has the same characteristics as the synchronous serial port, supports link-layer protocols such as ppp, frame relay, lapb and x.25, and supports network-layer protocols such as ip and ipx.
The router ce1/pri interface end is a db-15 (pin type) connector, and the network ends are bnc headers or rj-45 crystal headers.
Nowadays, a 75 ohm copper shaft cable to 120 ohm shielded twisted pair conversion adapter is generally used to connect the ce1/pri cable using the rj-45 connector.
pri: 30 of 32 time slots can be used, the other 0 time slots are used for system synchronization, and 15 time slots are used as d channel transmission signaling, and cannot be used casually.
The total bandwidth that the pri interface can provide is 30b+d, with a total of 2048kbps.