Various implementation methods for calling and running other .py files in Python

Python calls and runs other .py files in various ways

In Python programming, sometimes it is necessary to call and run another script in one script.pydocument.

This requirement is particularly common in modular programming, automated scripting, and building complex Python applications.

This article will introduce several ways to call and run others in Python.pyCommon methods of files, and explore their advantages and disadvantages and applicable scenarios.

These methods not only help improve the reusability and flexibility of the code, but also help developers better organize and manage Python projects.

In Python, there are many ways to call and run another.pydocument.

Here are a few common methods:

1. Use the subprocess module

subprocessThe module allows you to generate new processes, connect to their input/output/error pipelines, and get their return codes.

import subprocess

# Call and run another Python scriptresult = (['python', 'other_script.py'], capture_output=True, text=True)

# Printout and error messageprint()
print()

2. Use the exec function

execFunctions can dynamically execute Python code stored in strings or files.

# Read the contents of another Python scriptwith open('other_script.py') as file:
    code = ()

# Execute the read codeexec(code)

Notice:useexecBe very careful when executing code, as it executes any code passed to it, which can pose a security risk.

3. Use the import statement

If another script defines a function, class, or variable and wants to be used in the main script, you can use it throughimportStatement import.

Assumptionsother_script.pyContains a functionmy_function：

# other_script.py
def my_function():
    print("Hello from other_script.py!")

Import and use it in the main script like this:

# main_script.py
import other_script

other_script.my_function()

Or, if you want to import only specific functions or variables, you can usefrom ... import ...grammar:

# main_script.py
from other_script import my_function

my_function()

4. Use the function

Functions can be used to run commands in the operating system, but it only returns the command's exit status without capturing the output.

import os

# Call and run another Python script('python other_script.py')

Notice：Not recommended because it does not provide direct access to output and errors and is vulnerable to shell injection attacks.

Notice

If you need to capture output and error messages and want to maintain high security and flexibility,subprocessIt is the best choice.
If you just want to import and use functions or variables from another script,importStatements are the most direct method.
execandIt is usually used in certain situations, but there is a need to be aware of potential security risks.

Summarize

Hope these methods help you call and run other things in Python.pydocument!

The above is personal experience. I hope you can give you a reference and I hope you can support me more.