Python uses the requests library to easily initiate HTTP requests

requests is a very popular third-party library in Python for sending HTTP requests. It provides a concise API, making it very easy to send various HTTP requests (such as GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.).

Here are some basic usage examples:

Install

First, you need to install the requests library. If you haven't installed it, you can use pip to install it:

> pip install requests

Send a GET request

import requests

# mock data url: /
resp = ("/posts/3")

if resp.status_code == 200:
    # Get response content (JSON format)    data = ()
    print(data)
else:
    print(f"Request failed，Status code：{resp.status_code}")

Send GET request with parameters

import requests

# mock data url: /
param = {
    "userId": 2
}
resp = ("/posts", params=param)

if resp.status_code == 200:
    # Get response content (JSON format)    data = ()
    print(data)
else:
    print(f"Request failed，Status code：{resp.status_code}")

Send a POST request

import requests

data = {
    "userId": 11,
    "title": "requests post demo",
    "body": "requests post body"
}

resp = ("/posts", data=data)

if resp.status_code == 200 or resp.status_code == 201:
    # Get response content (JSON format)    data = ()
    print(data)
else:
    print(f"Request failed，Status code：{resp.status_code}")

Set request header

import requests
import json

# mock data url: /
data = {
    "userId": 11,
    "title": "requests post demo",
    "body": "requests post body"
}
header = {
    'Content-Type': 'application/json_demo'
}
resp = ("/posts", data=(data), headers=header)

if resp.status_code == 200 or resp.status_code == 201:
    # Get response content (JSON format)    data = ()
    print(data)
else:
    print(f"Request failed，Status code：{resp.status_code}")

Setting and getting cookies

import requests

# mock data url: /
cookies = {
    'session_id': '12345',
    'user_token': 'abcdef'
}

# Send a request and bring cookiesresp = ("/posts/1", cookies=cookies)

# Get cookies from the responsecookies = .get_dict()
print(cookies)

Manage cookies with Session

Objects are especially useful when you need to keep cookies across multiple requests. It allows you to automatically store and send cookies during a session.

import requests

# Create a session objectsession = ()

# Send the first request, the server may set some cookiesresponse = ('/login')

# Send a second request, this request will automatically bring the cookies set before.response = ('/profile')

# You can check cookies in responseprint(.get_dict())

Processing response

response.status_code: HTTP status code

: String form of response content

: The binary form of the response content

(): parse the response content into a JSON object (provided that the response content is in JSON format)

Exception handling

When sending a request, you may encounter various exceptions, such as network problems, invalid URLs, etc.

These exceptions can be caught using the try-except block:

import requests

try:
    response = ('/data')
    response.raise_for_status()  # If the response status code is not 200, an HTTPError exception is raised    data = ()
    print(data)
except  as errh:
    print(f"HTTP mistake：{errh}")
except  as errc:
    print(f"连接mistake：{errc}")
except  as errt:
    print(f"Request timeout：{errt}")
except  as err:
    print(f"请求mistake：{err}")

Print complete request and response packets containing headers

import http
import logging
import requests

# Configure logging(level=)
('requests').setLevel()
 = 1

# mock data url: /
resp = ("/posts/3")

if resp.status_code == 200:
    # Get response content (JSON format)    data = ()
    print(data)
else:
    print(f"Request failed，Status code：{resp.status_code}")

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