Recently, due to the continuous occurrence of rabies death caused by humans and livestock bites by dogs, Mouding County, Yunnan Province took the "dog beat stick" and culled all 50,000 dogs in the county within 5 days. Jining City, Shandong Province, which has caused 16 deaths due to rabies this year, is also taking measures to kill dogs within a radius of 5 kilometers in 16 villages with rabies cases, and to immunize dogs within a radius of 5 kilometers to 15 kilometers.
In recent years, pets have become an indispensable part of people's lives. Due to close contact, more and more infectious diseases caused by pets are caused by humans. Among them, rabies, as the most common and difficult disease, has increasingly threatened the safety of human life. After the 24th edition of this newspaper's article "What to do after being bitten by a pet" was published in the last issue, it aroused strong repercussions from readers: It turns out that rabies is right by our side! And once the disease occurs, there will be no cure! How does rabies virus spread from animals to humans? If preventive measures are taken, proper distance from pets, and the transmission of the disease is cut off, can so many tragedies be avoided?
The highest content of rabies virus in dog saliva
On August 1, a man in his 40s in Jinan City died of rabies. According to neighbors, the man likes to raise dogs and has raised puppies before. Since he started business, he has raised a big wolf dog to visit the store. More than two months ago, he was bitten by a big wolf dog he raised. He was not vaccinated at the time. He suddenly fell ill more than ten days ago and died on August 1.
Ms. Zhao has a docile poodle who plays with the dog every day whenever she has time, and she also talks "human words" to the dog. One day, Ms. Zhao's finger was cut by a kitchen knife, and some blood was bleeding. Her beloved dog came over and licked it "heartache". As a result, Ms. Zhao died of illness a month later.
An old man in Beijing likes to put food in his hands to feed his dogs. In winter, the old man had frostbite on his hands and his skin was broken. He didn't care. He still held the food in his hands and fed it to the dog. Unexpectedly, while the dog was eating, the rabies virus infected the owner through the saliva through the frostbite wound. Three months later, the old man had rabies attack and died a week later.
Xiaoqiang is a five-year-old rural boy. He is usually naughty and is even more intimate with the dog he raises at home. The puppy plays and rests with Xiaoqiang like a friend. Sometimes, if you are a little powerful, you will act as "automatic toilet paper". As a result, Xiaoqiang was infected with rabies virus and died in the "goodwill" of his playmate's dog.
Ms. You raised a fat dog named Beni. Because of its excellent breed and high price, Beni became the pearl in Ms. You's eye. Every day after dinner, Ms. You went out to relax with her 5-year-old daughter, but she could not get such preferential treatment, so she could only follow her mother's clothes. Beni, who was more than ten pounds, sat happily in his "mom's arms", and offered a "scented kiss" from time to time. Ms. You "accepted everything as you want" and proudly demonstrated it to her neighbors! One day, Ms. You suddenly fell ill and died five days later. Beni was vaccinated and expelled from the house and became a "noble wanderer".
Expert comments (Cheng Hongqi, director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases and Endorses of Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention): Rabies virus is the highest content in the saliva of dogs and cats. Therefore, in addition to being bitten, as long as the saliva of a dog or cat touches the skin wound or mucosa (such as the oral mucosa, etc.), it is possible to be infected with rabies virus.
The claws and other places also carry "poison"
Ms. Li has a little white cat. In addition to bathing the cat frequently, she also cuts her "nails" for the cat every few days in order to prevent the cat from having the opportunity to "catch people". But Ms. Li’s husband thinks that if a cat has no paws, can it still be called a cat? After the wife was on a business trip, her husband did not repair the cat's claws on time. The cat, which finally left her "nails", now had a place to use it, and grabbed the sofa beyond recognition. The owner's thick palm also became its "practice field", and it was inevitable that her skin would be scratched. Until one day, the male owner learned from the newspaper that he might also get infected with rabies virus by being scratched by a pet, but it was too late to regret it and died before he had time to get the vaccine.
In 2001, Mr. Yuan, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, was stabbed by a dog bone when he was killing a dog. Three months later, Mr. Yuan suddenly became crazy. His family thought he was mentally ill and sent him to the hospital. After examination, he found that he was rabies. Three days later, Mr. Yuan passed away in a daze.
There was a case in Jilin Province where a dog was infected with rabies and was infected with rabies after being burred with blood on the beating stick.
Someone once used wooden shoes to fight rabies. Although he was not bitten, he just wore wooden shoes and walked for a while, but died of rabies a month later. Some people also ate cooked mad dog meat, but they also became infected with rabies.
Expert comments (Cheng Hongqi, director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases and Endorses of Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention): In addition to the highest content of rabies in dogs and cats, rabies virus may cause infection when these parts contaminate wounds or mucosa. Therefore, special attention should be paid during the slaughter and skinning process. After the mad dog is culled, it should be buried deep or burned. It is strictly forbidden to slaughter, skin or eat it.
Be careful when eating dog meat
According to reports, rabies virus can survive in dead animals for a long time. Although the virus can be killed at 60℃ for 35 minutes and 100℃ for 2 minutes, it does not mean that it is safe to cook mad dog meat. The crazy animals that are killed must be burned and dug holes and buried deep. Never peel them, let alone eat meat.
Because dogs that seem healthy may also carry rabies virus, be cautious when eating dog meat. Experts recommend not to eat half-cooked dog meat, especially when eating dog meat hotpot, be careful to cook before eating.
Dogs that have been vaccinated may still carry "toxicity"
Have you ever given rabies vaccine to your dogs so that you can have close contact with them? If you are bitten or scratched, you don’t need to be vaccinated?
Liu Baoqian, director of the Jinan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, explained that giving dogs rabies vaccines can only help dogs prevent rabies and do not show symptoms of "rabies", but cannot completely eliminate the rabies virus in their bodies. Therefore, it does not have any protective effect on people. After being bitten or scratched by a vaccinated dog, a person may still be infected with rabies virus. The wound must be cleaned and disinfected according to the procedures and vaccinated.
When will you get sick after being bitten or scratched?
The incubation period of rabies varies greatly. The shortest is ten days and half a month, and the longest can reach several years, which is related to personal physical fitness.
Cheng Hongqi reminds that after being bitten or scratched by dogs, cats, etc., he should go to the vaccination clinic for vaccination within 24 hours. If it exceeds 24 hours, there is still a chance to protect himself if the vaccine is injected, and the earlier the better.
How rabies spread
Rabies virus is mainly infected by the skin and mucous membranes. The common transmission methods are as follows:
Bite or scratch. Most rabies are caused by dog and cat bites or scratches;
Infection during the slaughtering and skinning of dogs and cats;
Infection when dogs and cats lick their wounds;
Dogs and cats expel pollutants containing viruses and stabbed skin infection;
Care for patients, and their hands were infected by their saliva contaminated with wounds;
Kissing dogs and cats, infection through oral mucosa.
Not only "rabies" are "toxic", healthy dogs may also be "toxic".
Rabies is an zoonotic acute infectious disease caused by rabies virus that mainly invades the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include unique fear of water, wind, anxiety, pharyngeal muscle spasm, progressive paralysis, etc.
Rabies is originally an animal infectious disease. Some wild animals in nature, such as foxes, wolves, weasels, badgers, raccoons, monkeys, deer, etc., can also be infected with domestic animals such as dogs, cats, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, mules, donkeys, etc. However, dogs are most closely related to humans. Human rabies are mainly transmitted by dogs, accounting for more than 90%, followed by cats. It is not uncommon for people who are scratched by cats and cause rabies, and the number increases with the increase in raising cats.
A mad dog or other mad animals already contain a large amount of viruses in their saliva a few days before they develop manic symptoms. If the skin and mucous membranes are bitten by rabies animals or scratched, the virus will invade the wound with saliva and first reproduce around the wound. When the virus breeds to a certain number, it will invade the brain along the surrounding nerves. When the virus reaches the dorsal nerve root of the spinal cord, it begins to reproduce in large quantities and invades relevant segments of the spinal cord, quickly covering the entire central nervous system. After the virus invades the central nervous system, it will spread along the efferential nerves and eventually reach many organs, such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, etc., causing these organs to become lesions. Therefore, the symptoms of rabies are particularly serious, and almost 100% of them die once the disease occurs.
In people's concept, rabies is caused by "mad dog bites", and recent records of rabies deaths in various places show that this is a huge misunderstanding in the understanding of rabies. Some dogs that seem to be "healthy" can carry viruses in their saliva and can also spread rabies. Epidemiological surveys show that the viral rate of healthy dogs with appearance is as high as 5 to 10%, and the virulence rate of suspicious dogs with biting is above 30%, while the virulence rate of wild animals is not yet known. Animals that seem healthy and carry rabies virus have been called the most dangerous source of infection for rabies. The virus is mainly transmitted through bites, and can also be invaded by the saliva of viral animals through various wounds or mucosa. A few can be infected during slaughtering sick dogs, peeling, cutting, etc.
In recent years, pets have become an indispensable part of people's lives. Due to close contact, more and more infectious diseases caused by pets are caused by humans. Among them, rabies, as the most common and difficult disease, has increasingly threatened the safety of human life. After the 24th edition of this newspaper's article "What to do after being bitten by a pet" was published in the last issue, it aroused strong repercussions from readers: It turns out that rabies is right by our side! And once the disease occurs, there will be no cure! How does rabies virus spread from animals to humans? If preventive measures are taken, proper distance from pets, and the transmission of the disease is cut off, can so many tragedies be avoided?
The highest content of rabies virus in dog saliva
On August 1, a man in his 40s in Jinan City died of rabies. According to neighbors, the man likes to raise dogs and has raised puppies before. Since he started business, he has raised a big wolf dog to visit the store. More than two months ago, he was bitten by a big wolf dog he raised. He was not vaccinated at the time. He suddenly fell ill more than ten days ago and died on August 1.
Ms. Zhao has a docile poodle who plays with the dog every day whenever she has time, and she also talks "human words" to the dog. One day, Ms. Zhao's finger was cut by a kitchen knife, and some blood was bleeding. Her beloved dog came over and licked it "heartache". As a result, Ms. Zhao died of illness a month later.
An old man in Beijing likes to put food in his hands to feed his dogs. In winter, the old man had frostbite on his hands and his skin was broken. He didn't care. He still held the food in his hands and fed it to the dog. Unexpectedly, while the dog was eating, the rabies virus infected the owner through the saliva through the frostbite wound. Three months later, the old man had rabies attack and died a week later.
Xiaoqiang is a five-year-old rural boy. He is usually naughty and is even more intimate with the dog he raises at home. The puppy plays and rests with Xiaoqiang like a friend. Sometimes, if you are a little powerful, you will act as "automatic toilet paper". As a result, Xiaoqiang was infected with rabies virus and died in the "goodwill" of his playmate's dog.
Ms. You raised a fat dog named Beni. Because of its excellent breed and high price, Beni became the pearl in Ms. You's eye. Every day after dinner, Ms. You went out to relax with her 5-year-old daughter, but she could not get such preferential treatment, so she could only follow her mother's clothes. Beni, who was more than ten pounds, sat happily in his "mom's arms", and offered a "scented kiss" from time to time. Ms. You "accepted everything as you want" and proudly demonstrated it to her neighbors! One day, Ms. You suddenly fell ill and died five days later. Beni was vaccinated and expelled from the house and became a "noble wanderer".
Expert comments (Cheng Hongqi, director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases and Endorses of Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention): Rabies virus is the highest content in the saliva of dogs and cats. Therefore, in addition to being bitten, as long as the saliva of a dog or cat touches the skin wound or mucosa (such as the oral mucosa, etc.), it is possible to be infected with rabies virus.
The claws and other places also carry "poison"
Ms. Li has a little white cat. In addition to bathing the cat frequently, she also cuts her "nails" for the cat every few days in order to prevent the cat from having the opportunity to "catch people". But Ms. Li’s husband thinks that if a cat has no paws, can it still be called a cat? After the wife was on a business trip, her husband did not repair the cat's claws on time. The cat, which finally left her "nails", now had a place to use it, and grabbed the sofa beyond recognition. The owner's thick palm also became its "practice field", and it was inevitable that her skin would be scratched. Until one day, the male owner learned from the newspaper that he might also get infected with rabies virus by being scratched by a pet, but it was too late to regret it and died before he had time to get the vaccine.
In 2001, Mr. Yuan, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, was stabbed by a dog bone when he was killing a dog. Three months later, Mr. Yuan suddenly became crazy. His family thought he was mentally ill and sent him to the hospital. After examination, he found that he was rabies. Three days later, Mr. Yuan passed away in a daze.
There was a case in Jilin Province where a dog was infected with rabies and was infected with rabies after being burred with blood on the beating stick.
Someone once used wooden shoes to fight rabies. Although he was not bitten, he just wore wooden shoes and walked for a while, but died of rabies a month later. Some people also ate cooked mad dog meat, but they also became infected with rabies.
Expert comments (Cheng Hongqi, director of the Institute of Infectious Diseases and Endorses of Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention): In addition to the highest content of rabies in dogs and cats, rabies virus may cause infection when these parts contaminate wounds or mucosa. Therefore, special attention should be paid during the slaughter and skinning process. After the mad dog is culled, it should be buried deep or burned. It is strictly forbidden to slaughter, skin or eat it.
Be careful when eating dog meat
According to reports, rabies virus can survive in dead animals for a long time. Although the virus can be killed at 60℃ for 35 minutes and 100℃ for 2 minutes, it does not mean that it is safe to cook mad dog meat. The crazy animals that are killed must be burned and dug holes and buried deep. Never peel them, let alone eat meat.
Because dogs that seem healthy may also carry rabies virus, be cautious when eating dog meat. Experts recommend not to eat half-cooked dog meat, especially when eating dog meat hotpot, be careful to cook before eating.
Dogs that have been vaccinated may still carry "toxicity"
Have you ever given rabies vaccine to your dogs so that you can have close contact with them? If you are bitten or scratched, you don’t need to be vaccinated?
Liu Baoqian, director of the Jinan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, explained that giving dogs rabies vaccines can only help dogs prevent rabies and do not show symptoms of "rabies", but cannot completely eliminate the rabies virus in their bodies. Therefore, it does not have any protective effect on people. After being bitten or scratched by a vaccinated dog, a person may still be infected with rabies virus. The wound must be cleaned and disinfected according to the procedures and vaccinated.
When will you get sick after being bitten or scratched?
The incubation period of rabies varies greatly. The shortest is ten days and half a month, and the longest can reach several years, which is related to personal physical fitness.
Cheng Hongqi reminds that after being bitten or scratched by dogs, cats, etc., he should go to the vaccination clinic for vaccination within 24 hours. If it exceeds 24 hours, there is still a chance to protect himself if the vaccine is injected, and the earlier the better.
How rabies spread
Rabies virus is mainly infected by the skin and mucous membranes. The common transmission methods are as follows:
Bite or scratch. Most rabies are caused by dog and cat bites or scratches;
Infection during the slaughtering and skinning of dogs and cats;
Infection when dogs and cats lick their wounds;
Dogs and cats expel pollutants containing viruses and stabbed skin infection;
Care for patients, and their hands were infected by their saliva contaminated with wounds;
Kissing dogs and cats, infection through oral mucosa.
Not only "rabies" are "toxic", healthy dogs may also be "toxic".
Rabies is an zoonotic acute infectious disease caused by rabies virus that mainly invades the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include unique fear of water, wind, anxiety, pharyngeal muscle spasm, progressive paralysis, etc.
Rabies is originally an animal infectious disease. Some wild animals in nature, such as foxes, wolves, weasels, badgers, raccoons, monkeys, deer, etc., can also be infected with domestic animals such as dogs, cats, cows, horses, sheep, pigs, mules, donkeys, etc. However, dogs are most closely related to humans. Human rabies are mainly transmitted by dogs, accounting for more than 90%, followed by cats. It is not uncommon for people who are scratched by cats and cause rabies, and the number increases with the increase in raising cats.
A mad dog or other mad animals already contain a large amount of viruses in their saliva a few days before they develop manic symptoms. If the skin and mucous membranes are bitten by rabies animals or scratched, the virus will invade the wound with saliva and first reproduce around the wound. When the virus breeds to a certain number, it will invade the brain along the surrounding nerves. When the virus reaches the dorsal nerve root of the spinal cord, it begins to reproduce in large quantities and invades relevant segments of the spinal cord, quickly covering the entire central nervous system. After the virus invades the central nervous system, it will spread along the efferential nerves and eventually reach many organs, such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, muscles, etc., causing these organs to become lesions. Therefore, the symptoms of rabies are particularly serious, and almost 100% of them die once the disease occurs.
In people's concept, rabies is caused by "mad dog bites", and recent records of rabies deaths in various places show that this is a huge misunderstanding in the understanding of rabies. Some dogs that seem to be "healthy" can carry viruses in their saliva and can also spread rabies. Epidemiological surveys show that the viral rate of healthy dogs with appearance is as high as 5 to 10%, and the virulence rate of suspicious dogs with biting is above 30%, while the virulence rate of wild animals is not yet known. Animals that seem healthy and carry rabies virus have been called the most dangerous source of infection for rabies. The virus is mainly transmitted through bites, and can also be invaded by the saliva of viral animals through various wounds or mucosa. A few can be infected during slaughtering sick dogs, peeling, cutting, etc.