High IQ is not necessarily accompanied by comprehensive thinking skills. High IQ is often limited to a narrow range of learning. In our daily language, there is a difference between wisdom and intelligence: intelligence belongs to high IQ, while wisdom belongs to thinking skills.
——[US] Debono
Training children's thinking
I often hear parents and teachers comment on their children, saying that some are smart and quick to react; some are slow to react, and the problem will not be solved if it is slightly deformed; some are speechless, and the words and stories are not organized; some are speechless in an orderly manner. These are all evaluations of children's thinking level.
The sign of a good level of thinking is:
1. Think about problems from many aspects;
2. When thinking, see the internal connection between things;
3. Good at thinking independently and not following others' opinions;
4. Fast thinking speed;
5. There is a unique way of thinking;
So, how to train children to form good thinking habits?
There is such a joke. A student who is just beginning to learn English, in class, the teacher asked him, "What is your mane? (What is your name)" He replied, "No (no), and the teacher continued to ask, Your name is no? (Your name is "No")," he replied, "Yes (yes). "The result made the whole class burst into laughter. It can be seen that the premise of organized thinking is the understanding of knowledge.
Therefore, if we want to think in an orderly manner, we must ask ourselves a few more reasons; and also about discovering the order between things. For example, "When will the swallows fly south in winter and snow?" "What is the relationship between trapezoids, parallelograms, and squares?" When studying ancient poems, you should also analyze the principles of its connotation and the relationship between things. For example, the ancient poem "Looking from a distance, it looks like a ridge and a peak, with different heights and distances and different heights. I don't know the true face of Mount Lu because I am in this mountain." It describes seeing different scenes of Mount Lu from different angles, because the author is in this mountain. There is also a truth implicit in it: "Those who are in the authorities are confused, and those who are bystanders are clear."
Here are a few ways to learn to think:
There are many ways to think, but since children's thinking levels are mostly in the intuitive image stage, we should learn some methods that suit their age characteristics.
1. Abstract and generalization.
Abstraction and generalization are a method to analyze a type of thing and summarize the main characteristics.
The abstraction and generalization carried out by students in middle and middle grades in primary schools are generally carried out with the help of physical objects and intuitive images.
When we started learning numbers, we gradually abandoned the real objects and abstracted the numbers "1, 2, 3, 4,..." on the basis of understanding the number "1, 2, 3, 4,..." on the basis of knowing the number "1, 2, 3, 4,..." on the basis of knowing that "1, 2, 3, 4,..." is a symbol representing the number of things. This is intuitive abstraction and generalization.
When you reach the senior year, your language level has developed to understand the meaning of words and symbols. At this time, you should use these words, symbols and images to help us summarize abstractly. For example, when learning the essentials of "angles" in geometry, we must analyze the various characteristics that make up "angles", distinguish non-essential characteristics - shape, position, angle, etc. from essential characteristics - endpoints and rays, and extract the essential characteristics. This is the abstract process, and then link the essential characteristics of defects to obtain the concept of "angles": "An angle is a plane composed of two rays derived from one endpoint." This is the generalization process. By training in this way, we can improve our level of abstraction and generalization.
2. Learn to classify.
Classification is also a very important way of thinking. Group things with certain characteristics into one category. This helps us to grasp a certain type of thing as a whole.
When classification, different classification standards should be clarified, and the classifications are different. For example, if the edges are equal, it can be divided into:
Equilateral triangles, unequal triangles
If the angle is sized, it can be divided into:
Acute triangle, obtuse triangle, right triangle
Since it is visible, classification criteria are the premise.
After determining the classification criteria, you begin to classify things. If you think about everything, such as insects, and divide insects into flying or not, then the flying insects include flies, mantis, bees, dragonflies, flying ants, cicadas, grasshoppers, etc. Of course, whether we can think comprehensively in the classification is related to our knowledge level. We should give full play to our imagination based on our existing knowledge.
3. Induction and analogy
Xiao Gauss' question 1+2+3+ in the calculation teacher...+98+99+100=? At that time, induction was adopted, and he did it like this:
A total of 50 items: 101×50=5050
Using this induction makes the problem easy to solve.
When summarizing, you must grasp the key to things. For example, from men, women, adults, children, whites, and blacks, they all belong to humans. The concept of "car" is summarized from cars, trains, bicycles, motorcycles, tricycles, etc. These are all based on induction methods.
An analogy is the association of certain characteristics of one thing to another and comparison. For example, birds and planes all fly, from triangles to quadrilaterals, from straight lines to planes, etc. Analogy is an important way to invent creation. Many inventions and creations are achieved through analogy.
For example, bionics, which was developed in the 1960s, was based on analogy reasoning. The invention of radio submarines was obtained through analogy and interrogation through analogy and by analogy.
If we are good at applying analogy and induction, we may become inventions and creative talents in the 21st century.
In addition, analysis and synthesis, deduction and reasoning are also important thinking methods, so I won’t talk about it here.
So how do you think overall?
Think about one concept and connect it to other concepts. When doing a math problem, you should consider its connection with other knowledge and other solutions. You should also change the type of the problem and explore its solutions. That is, connect what you have learned into a network and learn to think in a holistic way.
When studying an article, you must find the keywords and central meaning. The title of the article plays the role of "finishing the finishing touch" in the overall article. Never ignore your understanding of the title.
For example, after learning mathematics one chapter after another, find out all the formulas, properties and theorems of the chapter and the section, and then connect these formulas, properties, etc. to find the main or key points.
The composition outline and abbreviation are methods to train overall thinking. After thinking processing, we express the meaning we want to express in outline or short sentences. This is actually training your ability to control the meaning we want to express in the entire article.
Learn to reason
Reasoning is a process of deducing conclusions based on known conditions and through thinking processing.
For example, if the eyes are bigger than Naoba, and Naoba is bigger than Mingming, then we can conclude that Qingqing is bigger than Mingming, which is reasoning.
There are many ways of reasoning, and the following are a few brief introductions:
1. Use the inclusion relationship diagram to judge.
For example, if circle A is larger than circle B, circle B is larger than circle C, then circle A is larger than circle C. We can use graphic judgments.
The ones we mentioned earlier belong to this type of children's age ratio.
Sometimes, it can also be represented by the following graph. All C is B, and all B is A. Then the relationship between A, B, and C is shown in the figure below. There is an inclusion relationship between them.
There are many other examples of relationships like this. For example, there is such a relationship between the little gray rabbit, rabbit and animals.
2. Use the help of cross-relationship graph reasoning.
If it is a young man, Chinese youth and student, how do they express their relationship? We know that some students are young people, some are teenagers and adults; some are Chinese; some are foreigners; all Chinese youth are young people. Based on this relationship, we can obtain the following relationship.
3. Finding mistakes is also a way of thinking and reasoning.
The author of "Les Miserables" and the great French writer Victor Hugo once traveled abroad and arrived at the border of a certain country. The military police wanted to check the registration, so they asked him:
"Name?"
"Hugo."
"What are you doing?"
"Writing something."
"What to make a living?"
"pen."
So the gendarmerie wrote in the registration book: "Name: Hugo. Occupation: Pen dealer."
Please tell me if this diagnosis is correct? Where is the error?
Obviously, the above judgment is wrong, and the thinking process of the gendarmerie is as follows:
The pen-steel dealer makes a living with a pen; Hugo makes a living with a pen-steel, so Hugo is a pen-steel dealer.
The mistake of the military police's thinking lies in their incomplete understanding of "making a living with a pen". There are two understandings of this sentence: one refers to "producing or selling pens", and the other refers to "using pens to obtain remuneration for his literary works." The military police used the first understanding to illustrate Hugo's profession, which was obviously not in line with Hugo's situation.
Usually, we should be good at paying attention to many interesting and illogical examples of errors in newspapers and magazines. It will take not long to analyze the strong points and loopholes in the argumentation. Our thinking logic will be significantly enhanced and our reasoning ability will be improved.
——[US] Debono
Training children's thinking
I often hear parents and teachers comment on their children, saying that some are smart and quick to react; some are slow to react, and the problem will not be solved if it is slightly deformed; some are speechless, and the words and stories are not organized; some are speechless in an orderly manner. These are all evaluations of children's thinking level.
The sign of a good level of thinking is:
1. Think about problems from many aspects;
2. When thinking, see the internal connection between things;
3. Good at thinking independently and not following others' opinions;
4. Fast thinking speed;
5. There is a unique way of thinking;
So, how to train children to form good thinking habits?
There is such a joke. A student who is just beginning to learn English, in class, the teacher asked him, "What is your mane? (What is your name)" He replied, "No (no), and the teacher continued to ask, Your name is no? (Your name is "No")," he replied, "Yes (yes). "The result made the whole class burst into laughter. It can be seen that the premise of organized thinking is the understanding of knowledge.
Therefore, if we want to think in an orderly manner, we must ask ourselves a few more reasons; and also about discovering the order between things. For example, "When will the swallows fly south in winter and snow?" "What is the relationship between trapezoids, parallelograms, and squares?" When studying ancient poems, you should also analyze the principles of its connotation and the relationship between things. For example, the ancient poem "Looking from a distance, it looks like a ridge and a peak, with different heights and distances and different heights. I don't know the true face of Mount Lu because I am in this mountain." It describes seeing different scenes of Mount Lu from different angles, because the author is in this mountain. There is also a truth implicit in it: "Those who are in the authorities are confused, and those who are bystanders are clear."
Here are a few ways to learn to think:
There are many ways to think, but since children's thinking levels are mostly in the intuitive image stage, we should learn some methods that suit their age characteristics.
1. Abstract and generalization.
Abstraction and generalization are a method to analyze a type of thing and summarize the main characteristics.
The abstraction and generalization carried out by students in middle and middle grades in primary schools are generally carried out with the help of physical objects and intuitive images.
When we started learning numbers, we gradually abandoned the real objects and abstracted the numbers "1, 2, 3, 4,..." on the basis of understanding the number "1, 2, 3, 4,..." on the basis of knowing the number "1, 2, 3, 4,..." on the basis of knowing that "1, 2, 3, 4,..." is a symbol representing the number of things. This is intuitive abstraction and generalization.
When you reach the senior year, your language level has developed to understand the meaning of words and symbols. At this time, you should use these words, symbols and images to help us summarize abstractly. For example, when learning the essentials of "angles" in geometry, we must analyze the various characteristics that make up "angles", distinguish non-essential characteristics - shape, position, angle, etc. from essential characteristics - endpoints and rays, and extract the essential characteristics. This is the abstract process, and then link the essential characteristics of defects to obtain the concept of "angles": "An angle is a plane composed of two rays derived from one endpoint." This is the generalization process. By training in this way, we can improve our level of abstraction and generalization.
2. Learn to classify.
Classification is also a very important way of thinking. Group things with certain characteristics into one category. This helps us to grasp a certain type of thing as a whole.
When classification, different classification standards should be clarified, and the classifications are different. For example, if the edges are equal, it can be divided into:
Equilateral triangles, unequal triangles
If the angle is sized, it can be divided into:
Acute triangle, obtuse triangle, right triangle
Since it is visible, classification criteria are the premise.
After determining the classification criteria, you begin to classify things. If you think about everything, such as insects, and divide insects into flying or not, then the flying insects include flies, mantis, bees, dragonflies, flying ants, cicadas, grasshoppers, etc. Of course, whether we can think comprehensively in the classification is related to our knowledge level. We should give full play to our imagination based on our existing knowledge.
3. Induction and analogy
Xiao Gauss' question 1+2+3+ in the calculation teacher...+98+99+100=? At that time, induction was adopted, and he did it like this:
A total of 50 items: 101×50=5050
Using this induction makes the problem easy to solve.
When summarizing, you must grasp the key to things. For example, from men, women, adults, children, whites, and blacks, they all belong to humans. The concept of "car" is summarized from cars, trains, bicycles, motorcycles, tricycles, etc. These are all based on induction methods.
An analogy is the association of certain characteristics of one thing to another and comparison. For example, birds and planes all fly, from triangles to quadrilaterals, from straight lines to planes, etc. Analogy is an important way to invent creation. Many inventions and creations are achieved through analogy.
For example, bionics, which was developed in the 1960s, was based on analogy reasoning. The invention of radio submarines was obtained through analogy and interrogation through analogy and by analogy.
If we are good at applying analogy and induction, we may become inventions and creative talents in the 21st century.
In addition, analysis and synthesis, deduction and reasoning are also important thinking methods, so I won’t talk about it here.
So how do you think overall?
Think about one concept and connect it to other concepts. When doing a math problem, you should consider its connection with other knowledge and other solutions. You should also change the type of the problem and explore its solutions. That is, connect what you have learned into a network and learn to think in a holistic way.
When studying an article, you must find the keywords and central meaning. The title of the article plays the role of "finishing the finishing touch" in the overall article. Never ignore your understanding of the title.
For example, after learning mathematics one chapter after another, find out all the formulas, properties and theorems of the chapter and the section, and then connect these formulas, properties, etc. to find the main or key points.
The composition outline and abbreviation are methods to train overall thinking. After thinking processing, we express the meaning we want to express in outline or short sentences. This is actually training your ability to control the meaning we want to express in the entire article.
Learn to reason
Reasoning is a process of deducing conclusions based on known conditions and through thinking processing.
For example, if the eyes are bigger than Naoba, and Naoba is bigger than Mingming, then we can conclude that Qingqing is bigger than Mingming, which is reasoning.
There are many ways of reasoning, and the following are a few brief introductions:
1. Use the inclusion relationship diagram to judge.
For example, if circle A is larger than circle B, circle B is larger than circle C, then circle A is larger than circle C. We can use graphic judgments.
The ones we mentioned earlier belong to this type of children's age ratio.
Sometimes, it can also be represented by the following graph. All C is B, and all B is A. Then the relationship between A, B, and C is shown in the figure below. There is an inclusion relationship between them.
There are many other examples of relationships like this. For example, there is such a relationship between the little gray rabbit, rabbit and animals.
2. Use the help of cross-relationship graph reasoning.
If it is a young man, Chinese youth and student, how do they express their relationship? We know that some students are young people, some are teenagers and adults; some are Chinese; some are foreigners; all Chinese youth are young people. Based on this relationship, we can obtain the following relationship.
3. Finding mistakes is also a way of thinking and reasoning.
The author of "Les Miserables" and the great French writer Victor Hugo once traveled abroad and arrived at the border of a certain country. The military police wanted to check the registration, so they asked him:
"Name?"
"Hugo."
"What are you doing?"
"Writing something."
"What to make a living?"
"pen."
So the gendarmerie wrote in the registration book: "Name: Hugo. Occupation: Pen dealer."
Please tell me if this diagnosis is correct? Where is the error?
Obviously, the above judgment is wrong, and the thinking process of the gendarmerie is as follows:
The pen-steel dealer makes a living with a pen; Hugo makes a living with a pen-steel, so Hugo is a pen-steel dealer.
The mistake of the military police's thinking lies in their incomplete understanding of "making a living with a pen". There are two understandings of this sentence: one refers to "producing or selling pens", and the other refers to "using pens to obtain remuneration for his literary works." The military police used the first understanding to illustrate Hugo's profession, which was obviously not in line with Hugo's situation.
Usually, we should be good at paying attention to many interesting and illogical examples of errors in newspapers and magazines. It will take not long to analyze the strong points and loopholes in the argumentation. Our thinking logic will be significantly enhanced and our reasoning ability will be improved.