SoFunction
Updated on 2025-04-13

Share the full guide to Python XML automation processing

1. Introduction to common XML processing libraries

    • Python standard library, lightweight, suitable for basic operations.
  2. lxml
    • Third-party high-performance library that supports XPath, XSLT and Schema verification.
  3. /
    • Standard library implementation, suitable for handling large XML or event-driven parsing.
  4. Auxiliary tool library
    • xmltodict(XML ↔ Dictionary),untangle(XML → Python objects) etc.

2. Detailed explanation

1. Parsing XML

import  as ET

# parse from stringroot = ("<root><child>text</child></root>")

# parse from filetree = ("")
root = ()

2. Data query and modification

# traverse child elementsfor child in root:
    print(, )

# Find elementselement = ("child")  
 = "new_text"      # Modify text("attr", "value")   # Modify properties

3. Generate and save XML

root = ("root")
child = (root, "child", attrib={"key": "value"})
 = "content"

tree = (root)
("", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

3. Advanced operations of lxml library

1. XPath query

from lxml import etree

tree = ("")
elements = ("//book[price>20]/title/text()")  # Query the book title of price >20

2. XML Schema Verification

schema = ((""))
parser = (schema=schema)
try:
    ("", parser)
except  as e:
    print("Verification failed:", e)

4. XML and Excel transfer

1. XML → Excel (XLSX)

from openpyxl import Workbook
import  as ET

tree = ("")
root = ()

wb = Workbook()
ws = 
(["Book Title", "author", "price"])

for book in ("book"):
    title = ("title").text
    author = ("author").text
    price = ("price").text
    ([title, author, price])

("")

2. Excel (XLSX) → XML

from openpyxl import load_workbook
import  as ET

def xlsx_to_xml(input_file, output_file):
    wb = load_workbook(input_file)
    ws = 
    root = ("bookstore")

    headers = [() for cell in ws[1]]
    for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=2, values_only=True):
        book = (root, "book")
        for idx, value in enumerate(row):
            tag = (book, headers[idx])
             = str(value)

    (root).write(output_file, encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

xlsx_to_xml("", "books_from_excel.xml")

5. XML and database interaction

Store to SQLite

import sqlite3
import  as ET

conn = ("")
cursor = ()
("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS books (title TEXT, author TEXT, price REAL)")

tree = ("")
for book in ("book"):
    title = ("title").text
    author = ("author").text
    price = float(("price").text)
    ("INSERT INTO books VALUES (?, ?, ?)", (title, author, price))

()
()

6. XML and JSON are transferred

1. XML → JSON

import xmltodict
import json

with open("") as f:
    xml_data = ()

data_dict = (xml_data)
with open("", "w") as f:
    (data_dict, f, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)

2. JSON → XML

import xmltodict
import json

with open("") as f:
    json_data = (f)

xml_data = (json_data, pretty=True)
with open("books_from_json.xml", "w") as f:
    (xml_data)

7. Performance optimization and FAQs

1. Performance recommendations

  • Small data: use。
  • Large data: uselxmlofiterparseStreaming analysis.
  • Memory sensitive scenarios: useEvent-driven parsing.

2. Frequently Asked Questions

Handle namespaces:

# lxml examplenamespaces = {"ns": "/ns"}
elements = ("//ns:book", namespaces=namespaces)

Special character processing:

 = ("<Special Character>&")

Depend on installation

pip install lxml openpyxl xmltodict

Input and output examples

  • XML file()
&lt;bookstore&gt;
  &lt;book&gt;
    &lt;title&gt;Pythonprogramming&lt;/title&gt;
    &lt;author&gt;John&lt;/author&gt;
    &lt;price&gt;50.0&lt;/price&gt;
  &lt;/book&gt;
&lt;/bookstore&gt;
  • JSON file ()
{
  "bookstore": {
    "book": {
      "title": "Python Programming",
      "author": "John",
      "price": "50.0"
    }
  }
}

Through this guide, you can quickly realize the interchange, storage and complex query operations between XML and other formats, meeting the diverse needs of data migration and interface development.

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