Several ways to implement Microsoft Office automation in Python and its comparison and detailed explanation

There are mainly the following ways to implement Microsoft Office automation in Python, each with its own characteristics and applicable scenarios:

1. Automation based on COM interface (pywin32)

Applicable scenarios: Need to have full control over Office applications (such as opening/save files, executing VBA macros, etc.)

import  as win32

# Word automation exampleword = ('')
 = True  # Display interfacedoc = ()
 = "Hello, World!"
(r'C:\')
()

# Excel automation exampleexcel = ('')
 = True
wb = ()
ws = 
('A1').Value = "Data Report"
('A2').Value = 12345
(r'C:\')
()

2. Independent file operation library

1. Word processing (python-docx)

from docx import Document

doc = Document()
doc.add_heading('Contract Document', 0)
table = doc.add_table(rows=3, cols=2)
for row in :
    for cell in :
         = "Terms and Contents"
('')

2. Excel processing (openpyxl)

from openpyxl import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
ws = 
ws['A1'] = "Sales Data"
([1, "Product A", 2999])
ws.merge_cells('A1:C1')
("sales_report.xlsx")

3. PowerPoint processing (python-pptx)

from pptx import Presentation

prs = Presentation()
slide = .add_slide(prs.slide_layouts[1])
title = 
 = "Project Report"
content = [1]
 = "• Quarterly Summary\n• Next Phase Plan"
('')

3. Advanced skills and precautions

Performance optimization
Disable screen refresh (Excel example):

 = False  # Before performing batch operations# ...operation code... = True   # Recover after the operation is completed

Exception handling

try:
    doc = ("invalid_path.docx")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"An error occurred：{str(e)}")
    ()

Format control

# Set the Excel cell formatcell = ws['B2']
cell.number_format = '￥#,##0.00' 
 = Font(name='Microsoft Yahei', size=12, bold=True)

Mail Automation (Outlook)

outlook = ('')
mail = (0)
 = "recipient@"
 = "Automated Test Email"
 = "<b>Important Notice</b> <br> Please check the attachment"
(r'C:\')
()  # Use .Send() to send directly

4. Solution comparison

Way	advantage	shortcoming	Applicable scenarios
pywin32	Full function support, easy VBA transplantation	Rely on Office installation, Windows only	Scenarios that require full Office interaction
python-docx	Cross-platform, no need for Office	No complex formats supported	Generate simple documents
openpyxl	Efficient processing of xlsx files	No xls format supported	Excel processing for large data volume

5. Frequently Asked Questions

Permissions issues：
- Run the IDE/Python interpreter as administrator
- Register COM components:python -m
Process Remaining：

import psutil
def kill_process(process_name):
    for proc in psutil.process_iter():
        if () == process_name:
            ()

Version compatible：

# Specify the Office version (taking Excel 2016 as an example)excel = ('.16')

It is recommended to choose a plan according to specific needs:

Requires complex format operations and complete functions → Select pywin32
Just generate a simple document → Use python-docx/openpyxl
Cross-platform requirements → Priority to the use of independent libraries

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