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Updated on 2025-04-14

SpringBoot uses Apache Tika to detect sensitive information

Tika Key Features

Apache TikaIt is a powerful content analysis tool that extracts text, metadata, and other structured information from a variety of file formats. Here are the main features of Apache Tika:

1. Multi-format support

One of the biggest features of Tika is its support for a wide range of file formats. It is capable of parsing and extracting content from a variety of document types, including but not limited to:

  • Office Documentation: Such as Microsoft Word (.doc, .docx), Excel (.xls, .xlsx), PowerPoint (.ppt, .pptx), OpenOffice (.odt, .ods), etc.
  • PDF: Extract text and metadata from PDF documents.
  • HTML / XML: parses HTML and XML format content.
  • Text file: such as .txt files, etc.
  • Pictures and audio videos: Supports image formats (such as JPEG, PNG) and audio and video formats (such as MP3, MP4, WAV, etc.), and can extract relevant metadata.
  • e-mail: Such as EML file format.
  • Compressed files: such as ZIP, TAR, GZ and other file contents.

Tika supports parsing of these formats by integrating numerous open source libraries such as Apache POI, PDFBox, Tesseract OCR, etc.

2. Automatic file type detection

Tika has powerful automatic file type recognition function, which can determine the true type of a file based on the file content rather than the file extension. It supports automatic recognition of multiple standard and non-standard file types, ensuring high-accurate format recognition.

MIME type identification: Tika can accurately identify the MIME type of a file, helping the system determine how to process and parse files.

3. Text and metadata extraction

Tika is able to extract text content and metadata from a variety of files. Metadata usually includes author, creation date, modification date, file size, copyright information, etc.

  • Text extraction: Tika can extract text information in it regardless of the file format.
  • Metadata extraction: In addition to text, Tika can also extract various metadata, such as author, title, keyword, modification time, etc., to facilitate further analysis or indexing.

4. Support OCR (optical character recognition)

Tika integrates an OCR engine such as Tesseract to extract text information from images in scanned images or PDF documents. When an image is included in a file, Tika can identify the text in the image through the OCR function and extract it.

5. Language detection

Tika has the function of automatically detecting file text language. By analyzing the extracted text, Tika can recognize the language of the document (such as English, Chinese, French, etc.), a feature that is very useful for multilingual processing and document classification.

6. Support embedded applications

Tika is based on Java as its main development language, and it can not only be used as a standalone application, but also embedded in other Java applications. Tika provides Java APIs, allowing developers to easily integrate into various applications for automated file content extraction and processing.

  • Tika App: Command line tool for extracting content from files and outputting text and metadata.
  • Tika Server: A RESTful API-based service, suitable for interaction with external systems through the HTTP protocol, and supports remote file parsing.

7. Multithreaded support

Apache Tika provides the ability to process in parallel, allowing multi-threading to increase processing speed when processing large batches of files. For scenarios where batch file parsing and content extraction are required, Tika's multi-threading support can significantly improve efficiency.

8. Unified output of content and metadata format

Tika returns a unified output format, regardless of file type, the extracted text and metadata will be provided in the standard way. This allows developers to easily process file contents in different formats.

  • JSON format output:Tika can output extracted content and metadata in JSON format, making it easy to integrate and process with other systems.
  • XML format output: In addition to JSON format, Tika also supports outputting content extraction results in XML format, suitable for scenarios where more structured data is required.

9. Support large file processing

Tika supports processing large and multi-page documents, and can efficiently extract content without consuming too much memory. Tika can provide reliable support for application scenarios that require processing large amounts of documents or large documents (such as search engines, big data processing, etc.).

10. Integration with other tools and libraries

Tika can also integrate with other tools and libraries to extend its capabilities:

  • Lucene / Solr / Elasticsearch:Tika is often integrated with these search engines for full-text indexing and search.
  • Apache POI: Tika uses Apache POI to parse Microsoft Office file formats (such as .docx, .xlsx, etc.).
  • PDFBox: Used to parse and extract PDF file content.
  • Tesseract OCR: Used to extract text from images, especially for scanning documents and image content.

11. Highly scalable

Tika provides a flexible expansion mechanism, where users can customize parsers according to their needs, add new file format support, or adjust text extraction strategies. By customizing Tika configuration files (e.g.), developers can configure the processing methods of different types of files, modify the default parser and behavior, etc.

Apache TikaThe main features include support for multiple file formats, automatic file type detection, text and metadata extraction, OCR support, language detection, multithreading, output in a unified format, and seamless integration with other tools. These features make Tika a powerful and flexible content analysis framework, suitable for various application scenarios such as document management, information extraction, search engines, and big data processing.

Tika Architecture Components

Apache TikaThe architecture components mainly include the following core parts that work together to support the extraction of text, metadata, and other information from various file formats. The following isApache TikaThe main architectural components:

1. Tika Core

Tika CoreyesApache TikaThe core components ofFile parsing, content extractionbasic functions. It contains the most basic functions, such asDocument type identification, parsing and extracting text content。Tika CoreIt is the basis of other functions and modules.

  • File parser: Used to parse various file formats and return extracted text and metadata.
  • Content Extraction: Extract content from a file, including text, pictures, audio, video, etc.
  • File Type Detection: Determine the actual type of the file (such as PDF, Word, Excel, HTML, etc.) based on the content of the file instead of the extension.

2. Tika Parsers

Tika ParsersIt is a group of components responsible for parsing different types of files. They areTikaThe key component of the core, capable of handling multiple formats, such asText documents, spreadsheets, PDFs, images, audiowait.TikaThe appropriate parser will be automatically selected according to the file type.

  • Text Parsers: parse ordinary text files (such as .txt, .xml, .html, etc.).
  • Media Parsers: Analyze multimedia files such as pictures, audio, and video.
  • Document Parsers: Analyze various office documents, such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, etc.
  • Metadata Parsers: Extract metadata from the file, such as author, creation date, modification date, file size, etc.

TikaMany built-in parsers are provided (based on other open source libraries such asApache POI、PDFBox、OCRetc.), can be extended and customized to support new file formats.

3. Tika Config (Configuration Management)

Tika ConfigIt is for managementTikaConfigured modules that allow users to customize through configuration filesTikabehavior. passTika Config, users canSpecify specific parsers, extraction policies, character sets, etc.set up.

  • Configuration File: Can be passedFile to configure how to parse different types of files.
  • Custom parsers and extensions: Users can customize their own parser and add it to theTikain the system.

4. Tika App

Tika Appis a command line tool that provides an easy-to-use interface to callTikaCore functions.Tika AppCan be run directly from the command line forFile content extraction, text and metadata extraction. It can be used as a standalone application or embedded in other Java applications.

  • Command Line Interface (CLI): Provides a concise command line interface, allowing users to process files from the command line.
  • File processing: Supports batch file processing, can extract text, metadata and other information and output it to standard output or file.

5. Tika Server

Tika ServerIt is based onRESTful APIserver-side component that allowsHTTPThe protocol makes remote calls.Tika ServerProvides a server-side interface for external applications.Supports file upload, content extraction and processing。

  • RESTful API: Interact with Tika Server through HTTP requests, you can upload files and obtain parsed content or metadata.
  • Remote parsing: Supports asynchronous processing of large files and batch files, suitable for integration with other systems (such as search engines, cloud storage services, etc.).

6. Tika Language Detection

Tika also provides built-in language detection capabilities for automatically identifying languages ​​that extract text. Language detection is very useful for multilingual supported projects, helping to identify the language type of text after the file content is parsed, thereby deciding which processing method to use.

  • Language recognition: Automatically detect the language of the document (such as English, Chinese, French, etc.) based on text content.
  • Integration support: Language detection function can be used in combination with text extraction, content analysis and other processes to improve the multilingual processing capabilities of content.

7. Tika Extractor

Tika Extractor is an abstraction layer that provides a unified interface to extract the contents of files. It unifies different file parsers into one interface, simplifying the process of extracting file contents. Through Tika Extractor, users can perform unified operations between different file types without paying attention to specific parsing implementations.

  • Unified interface: Process files in different formats through a unified interface, simplifying the extraction process of file content.
  • Custom extensions: Allow developers to expand the extractor according to their needs, supporting more file formats or custom content extraction logic.

8. Tika Metadata

Tika MetadataIs a component used to manage file metadata. It extracts and provides various metadata of the file, such as author, creation time, modification time, copyright information, file size, etc.TikaSupports extraction of metadata from various file formats.

  • Metadata extraction: Extract additional information related to the file from various files, such as file attributes, authors, titles, etc.
  • Unified format: Returns standardized metadata structures for easy integration with other systems.

9. Tika OCR (Optical Character Recognition)

Tika integrates OCR functionality and uses open source OCR engines such as Tesseract to extract text information from images. When a file contains a scanned image or photo, the OCR component can recognize text in the image and extract it.

  • Image text recognition: Extract text content from images or scan documents.
  • Integration and Extension: It can be combined with other parsers to automatically process files containing images or scanned documents.

Apache TikaThe architecture components include the coreParser, configuration management, command line tools, servers, language detection, OCR processingand many other parts. They work together to makeTikaAble to support from multiple formatsExtract text, metadata, and other information, widely used in enterprisesDocument management, big data processing, content management, search engineand other fields.

Tika application scenarios

Apache TikaIt is an open source content analysis tool, mainly used in various file formatsExtract text, metadata, and structured information. It supports multiple file formats,Including documents, spreadsheets, PDFs, audio, videos, picturesetc., with strong file content parsing capabilities. The application scenarios in real projects are very widespread. The following are some typical application scenarios:

1. Enterprise Document Management System

In large enterprises or institutions, document management systems usually need to process a large number of files in different formats (e.g.PDF、Word、Excelwait). passApache Tika, can automatically extract text and metadata from these files (Such as author, creation time, file size) and then store it in the database for easy search, management and indexing. This application enables enterprises to efficiently archive, search and classify documents.

Sample application:

  • Automated document extraction: Extract key information from the file, such as terms in the contract, prices in the quotation, etc., to help employees quickly locate important data.
  • Full text search function:passTikaThe extracted text content can be indexed and provides fast full-text search functions to facilitate users to find the required documents.

2. Content Management System (CMS)

In the content management system,Apache TikaCan be used to automatically extract the content of uploaded files and convert them to editable formats. This is for various document formats (Such as text, PDF, imageContent management of , etc. is very useful, especially when there are a large number of files required to be processed in websites and platforms.TikaA unified processing interface can be provided.

Sample application:

  • Website file processing: When a user uploads a file to the website,TikaFile contents are automatically extracted (such as extracting text from documents, extracting metadata from images) for further processing or storage.
  • File format conversion：TikaThe uploaded files can be converted into a unified format for easier subsequent editing and display.

3. Data analysis and big data platform

In big data analysis,Apache TikaCan be used to process unstructured data (Such as text, PDF, pictures, audio filesetc.) and convert this data into structured data. The text extracted through Tika can further perform analysis tasks such as data cleaning, classification, clustering or text mining.

Sample application:

  • Big data processing: In a data lake or big data platform, Tika can help extract analysable text data from different sources (such as emails, documents, pictures, etc.) for machine learning model training, sentiment analysis, or trend prediction.
  • Search Engine: In search engines, content parsing provided by Tika can support different types of file indexing and retrieval functions, enhancing the accuracy and comprehensiveness of search results.

4. Legal and Compliance Review

In the field of law and compliance, companies often need to analyze a large number of contracts, legal documents, emails, etc. Apache Tika can help automatically extract key information from these documents, such as contract terms, payment details, legal provisions, etc. for review by attorneys and compliance personnel.

Sample application:

  • Contract review and analysis：TikaIt can be used to extract important text information from the contract, such as signing date, amount, terms and content, etc., to help reviewers quickly identify the core content of the document.
  • Compliance Check: Automatically extract and classify compliance information in documents to help companies check whether they comply with regulations and reduce the workload of manual review.

5. Digital Asset Management (DAM)

In the digital asset management system,Apache TikaIt is widely used to extract metadata and content of multimedia files (such as images, videos, audio files, etc.). Digital assets can be better managed and indexed by parsing metadata in tags in pictures, subtitles in videos, or audio files.

Sample application:

  • Image and video content management：TikaIt can automatically extract metadata of pictures and videos (such as shooting time, camera type, resolution, etc.), and help build a digital media library to provide content-based search functions.
  • Automatic classification and marking: Tika can automatically classify and tag it by analyzing file content and metadata, helping businesses manage and access digital assets more efficiently.

6. Information security and data leakage protection

In the field of information security,Apache TikaCan be used to scan sensitive data in files. For example,TikaIt can help companies detect whether sensitive personal information (such as ID number, credit card information, etc.) in the documents, thereby enhancing companies' protection against data leakage.

Sample application:

  • Sensitive information identification:passTikaAfter extracting the file content, an automated sensitive data detection is carried out to identify files that may contain personal sensitive information or confidential data.
  • Data Breach Protection: In the enterprise system,TikaIt can assist in checking potential risks in file upload and sharing, ensuring that sensitive information is not accidentally leaked.

7. Automated email classification

Apache TikaIt can also be used to extract content from emails to help automatically classify email content. In many businesses or organizations, Tika can be used to help identify attachments, links, or critical information in an email, which can be classified, archived, or automatically responded based on content.

Sample application:

  • Email content extraction and classification：TikaIt can extract text from emails, analyze the subject, sender and body content of the email, help automate email classification and reduce manual operations.
  • Attachment scanning and processing：TikaAttachments in emails can be analyzed and appropriate handling procedures can be automatically executed based on attachment type and content.

Apache TikaIt has a wide range of applications in multiple fields and projects, especially for scenarios where data needs to be extracted and processed from files in various formats. Whether it is corporate document management, legal review, big data analysis, digital asset management, information security and other fields, Tika can help developers efficiently realize content parsing, data extraction and processing tasks through unified interfaces and powerful format support.

Tika realizes information security and data leakage protection

existSpring BootIntegrationApache TikaForSensitive information identificationandData Breach Protection, We can extract the file content when the file is uploaded and search for potential sensitive data in the extracted text, such as ID number, credit card information, telephone number, etc. Here is a complete code example showing how to implement sensitive information detection and data breach protection.

1. Add necessary dependencies

First, make sure(Maven) or(Gradle) addedApache TikaandSpring Boot Webrely.

Maven dependencies

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot Web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId></groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Apache Tika -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId></groupId>
        <artifactId>tika-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId></groupId>
        <artifactId>tika-parsers</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. Create sensitive information detection logic

The detection of sensitive information usually involves regular expressions (Regex), and you can use common patterns to detect personal information (such as ID number, credit card number, phone number, etc.). We will create a service class that scans file content and detects this sensitive data.

package ;

import ;
import ;
import ;
import ;

import ;
import ;
import ;
import ;

@Service
public class SensitiveInfoService {

    private final Tika tika = new Tika();  // Tika instance
    // Regular expression pattern: ID number, credit card number, phone number    private static final String ID_CARD_REGEX = "(\\d{17}[\\dXx]|\\d{15})";
    private static final String CREDIT_CARD_REGEX = "(\\d{4}-?\\d{4}-?\\d{4}-?\\d{4})";
    private static final String PHONE_REGEX = "(\\d{3}-?\\d{3}-?\\d{4})|((\\d{11})|(\\d{3})\\d{7})";

    // Extract file content and detect sensitive information    public String checkSensitiveInfo(InputStream fileInputStream) throws IOException {
        // 1. Use Tika to extract file contents        String fileContent = (fileInputStream);
        
        // 2. Perform sensitive information detection        StringBuilder sensitiveInfoDetected = new StringBuilder();
        
        // Check the ID number        detectAndAppend(fileContent, ID_CARD_REGEX, "Identity card number", sensitiveInfoDetected);
        
        // Check the credit card number        detectAndAppend(fileContent, CREDIT_CARD_REGEX, "Credit card number", sensitiveInfoDetected);
        
        // Check phone number        detectAndAppend(fileContent, PHONE_REGEX, "telephone number", sensitiveInfoDetected);
        
        return () &gt; 0 ? () : "No sensitive information detected";
    }

    // General detection method    private void detectAndAppend(String content, String regex, String label, StringBuilder result) {
        Pattern pattern = (regex);
        Matcher matcher = (content);
        while (()) {
            (label).append(": ").append(()).append("\n");
        }
    }
}

3. Create a file upload controller

Next, we will create a controller that accepts file upload requests through the REST API, extracts the file contents and detects whether it contains sensitive information. File upload processing is passedMultipartFileReceive files.

package ;

import ;
import ;
import .*;
import ;

import ;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/files")
public class FileController {

    @Autowired
    private SensitiveInfoService sensitiveInfoService;

    @PostMapping("/upload")
    public String uploadFile(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
        try {
            // Get the input stream of uploaded files            String result = (());
            return result;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return "File processing error: " + ();
        }
    }
}

4. Create a front-end page (optional)

To better test the file upload function, a simple HTML page can be created that allows users to upload files and display sensitive information detection results.

(lie insrc/main/resources/static/Table of contents)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Upload File for Sensitive Information Detection</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>Upload a File for Sensitive Information Detection</h2>
    <form action="/api/files/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="file" required>
        <button type="submit">Upload</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

5. Test items

Now you can launch the Spring Boot app to accesshttp://localhost:8080Page, upload a file for detection. The system will extract the file content and detect whether sensitive information such as ID card number, credit card number, telephone number and other sensitive information exists according to regular expressions, and return the detection result to the user.

6. Extended functions

More sensitive information identification: You can add more regular expressions to identify other types of sensitive information (e.g. email, address, social security number, etc.).

Encrypted storage: If the file contains sensitive information, security measures such as encrypted storage or data blocking can be taken.

Sensitive information log audit: After detecting sensitive information, you can record logs or notify the administrator by email to further strengthen data leakage protection.

To test the sensitive information detection function mentioned above, you can use a test document containing the following sensitive data. This document can be a simple text file (.txt), which contains information such as ID number, credit card number and phone number.

Test document content ()

Dear users:

Hello! Thank you for using our services. Here are your account information:

ID number: 123456789012345678
Credit card number: 1234-5678-9876-5432
Phone number: 138-1234-5678

If you have any questions about our services, please feel free to contact the customer support team.

Thanks!

Sincerely,
salute!

step

  • Create a test document：

    • Create a new text file named。
    • Copy and paste the above example content into the file.

  • Upload documents for testing：

    • Start the Spring Boot app and access ithttp://localhost:8080page.
    • Select on the pageUpload the file.
    • The application will parse the file and check whether it contains sensitive information and return the detection result.

Expected return result

ID number: 123456789012345678
Credit card number: 1234-5678-9876-5432
Phone number: 138-1234-5678

This result shows that the document contains ID number, credit card number and phone number, which complies with the sensitive information detection rules we define.

Summarize

ByApache TikaIntegrate toSpring BootIn the project, we can realize the automatic parsing of file contents and identify sensitive information in the file through regular expressions. Provide enterprises with data breach protection solutions through simple API interfaces and regular expressions.

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