In March 2003, Intel officially released Centi mobile computing technology. Intel's Centi mobile computing technology is not a single product form such as processors and chipsets in the past. It represents a complete set of mobile computing solutions. The composition of Centi is divided into three parts: Pentimeter M processor, 855/915 series chipset and Intel PRO wireless network. All three are indispensable to form Centi mobile computing technology.
The first revision of Pentium M is called Dothan
In more than two years, Xunchi technology has undergone a revision and a replacement. The core code of the Pentium M processor in the early stage was Bannis, using a 130-nanometer process, 1MB high-speed secondary cache, and a 400MHz front-end bus. The first revision of Centi was in May 2004. The Pentimeter M processor using the 90-nanometer process Dothan core appeared. Its secondary cache capacity is provided to 2MB, and the front-end bus is still 400MHz. It is what we often call Dothan Centimeter. After the first revision, Dothan's core Pentium M processor quickly occupied the market, and Bannis' core products gradually withdrew from the mainstream. Although it is popular in the market to call Dothan core the second generation Centimeter, Intel has not given a clear definition and is still called Centimeter. That is, at the same time as the Dothan Pentium M was launched, Intel changed the convention of defining processor numbers by main frequency, and replaced it with a series of numbers, such as: Pentium M 715/725, etc., which correspond to 1.5GHz and 1.6GHz main frequencies respectively. During the first revision, the original 802.11b wireless network card was also changed to support the 802.11b/g specification, and network transmission was provided from 11Mbps to 14Mbps.
The new generation of Sonoma
The replacement of Centimeter was on January 19, 2005. Intel officially released the new generation of Centimeter mobile computing technology based on the Sonoma platform. Among its components, the Pentimeter M processor is upgraded to Dothan core, 90-nanometer process, 533MHz front-end bus and 2MB high-speed secondary cache. The processor number is Pentimeter M 730-770, and the main frequency starts from 1.60GHz and up to 2.13GHz. The 915GM/PM chipset has brought Cunchi into the PCI-E era, with 915GM integrating Intel GMA900 graphics engine, which has greatly improved the multimedia performance of non-discrete graphics card notebooks. 915PM/GM also supports single-channel DDR333 or dual-channel DDR2 400/533MHz memory, which also reduces some power consumption. At present, the new generation of Sonoma platform, Xunchi is gradually becoming the mainstream of the market.
Xunchi second generation
The new Intel Centrifugal mobile computing technology platform (codenamed Sonoma), which consists of three main components: the Dothan core (2MB L2 cache, 533MHz FSB) with a 90nm process, the new Aviso chipset, and the new wireless module Calexico2 (Intel PRO/wireless 2915ABG or 2200BG wireless LAN component).
New technologies added: the new Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 900 graphics card core, energy-saving 533MHz front-end bus, and dual-channel DDR2 memory support helps to use a system equipped with integrated graphics cards for double graphics performance improvements. In addition, the new Intel Centrifugal mobile computing technology also supports the latest PCI Express graphics interface, which can provide up to 4 times the graphics bandwidth for high-end systems using independent graphics cards. With the support of system manufacturers, options such as TV tuners, Intel HD audio that supports Dolby Digital and 7.1 surround sound, personal recorders and remote controls are also available, while continuing to enjoy the durable battery life time advantages of Intel Centrifugal mobile computing. Features that help manufacturers achieve durable battery life time include: Display Energy Saving Technology 2.0, low-power DDR2 memory support, and enhanced Intel SpeedStep technology.
1. New PentiumM processor: Dothan processor introduces many features in the more mature NetBurst architecture based on Banias, and adds two new technologies: Enhanced Data Prefecher and Enhanced Register Data Retrieval.
Compared with Banias kernel products, Dothan processors have three main changes. First, the production process has been improved from 0.13 microns to a new 90 nanometers, which can produce smaller and faster transistors. Therefore, the Dothan processor has basically remained unchanged in size and power consumption when it doubles the cache compared to Banias. Secondly, Dothan adopts new "strained silicon" material technology. According to Intel tests, the electron flow rate in strained silicon is much faster than that of other current silicon materials, which greatly improves Dothan's main frequency, and has reached a maximum of 2.13G. In addition, Dothan's second-level cache has been increased to 2MB, which has improved performance by about 20% compared to the original same frequency Banias Pentium-M processor. Dothan CPU achieves the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction from multiple aspects. Its secondary cache adopts a combined operation mode of 8 channels, and each channel is divided into 4 power consumption areas. Since only one of the power consumption areas can be used at the same time during the processor's operation, the power consumption areas that cannot be used currently are closed under the control of dedicated stack management technology, thus greatly reducing the power consumption of secondary cache. In addition, Dothan CPU supports the new Enhanced SpeedStep energy-saving technology, which is completely accomplished by the processor's voltage adjustment mechanism and has little to do with the chipset. The switching operations between these modes are all automatic, completely based on the processor's load at the time, so that the energy consumption will be accurately controlled and the purpose of saving more energy.
2. New Aviso chipset: In addition to the Dothan CPU, the core of the Sonoma platform is the Alviso (915PM/915GM) chipset, which contains many latest technologies. In addition to supporting the PCI Express bus architecture, it also includes supporting low-power DDR-2 memory and a new EG3 graphics core. In addition, the Alviso chipset is also equipped with a mobile South Bridge chip code-named ICH6-M, which can provide four serial ATA hard disk interfaces and integrate the new generation of Azalia sound chips and the new ExpressCard external expansion interface. As an alternative to Centrino, "Sonoma" has further improved its wireless, display and audio functions, and its computing speed has also been increased by about 30%.
PCI Express bus will completely replace the AGP bus and PCI bus on the Alviso chipset. This is the most gratifying progress, and you will no longer have to worry about the bottleneck of data transmission in the future. The huge increase in bandwidth has an unnegligible effect on video processing and multimedia production. The PCI Express bus also has the characteristics of low power consumption, which is also very critical for laptops. At the same time, the new system will also be equipped with high-performance, low-power DDRII memory and supports dual channels, which will provide a maximum bandwidth of 8.4G/s, which can meet the development needs of processors for a long time in the future, and will also be of great benefit to the improvement of integrated graphics card performance. With the Sonoma platform, Intel will launch the "Extreme Graphics 3" integrated display chip, with the hardware supporting PS 2.0, VS 2.0 and DirectX 9. It also uses special power management technology to reduce power consumption, allowing users to make free choices between performance and power consumption. The new video memory integrated packaging mode has the display core and video memory on the same substrate. The advantage of this is that it can improve the data exchange speed between video memory and core and effectively reduce the volume.
The biggest advantage of the "Azalia" sound technology integrated on the Sonoma mobile platform is its excellent performance, namely parallel processing functions and standardized architecture. Azalia technology supports up to 32bit/192kHz audio sampling rate and 7.1 channel output. Additionally, Azalia uses a unified bus driver for control, as any Azalia audio device can use the same driver. Azalia sound effects technology will bring unprecedented audio effects to laptops, and with increasingly powerful mobile display technology, it will make playing games with laptops a pleasure.
On the Sonoma mobile platform, the PCMCIA Card that has been used for many years will also undergo great changes. With the popularity of high-bandwidth video and network applications, traditional PCMCIA PC Cards are becoming increasingly unacceptable to this situation. There is an urgent need for a new type of technology to replace it. ExpressCard is such a technology that will be lighter, thinner, faster and easier to use than traditional PC Card technology. In addition to the ExpressCard34 for laptops, there is also the ExpressCard54 for desktop computers, thus creating another bridge between laptops and desktops. Since ExpressCard reaches a more ideal balance between various features such as size, performance, reliability, adaptability, hot swapping and automatic setup, it is very likely to replace the PC Card that has been used for many years.
3. New wireless module Calexico2: One of the most important development trends in mobile computing is to promote the application of wireless local area network (Wi-Fi) on a large scale. Support for wireless connections is one of the core contents of Intel Cunchi technology. However, compared with Dothan processors and Alviso chipsets, the technological innovation of the Calexico2 wireless module is obviously insufficient, because the same technology actually had independent products two years ago. Intel just integrated it into the Sonoma mobile platform and named it Calexico2.
On the Sonoma mobile platform, as an important part of Centi technology, the latest Calexico2 wireless communication module will be configured, and support for IEEE 802.11a/g is added on the basis of supporting IEEE 802.11b. Among them, IEEE802.11a operates in the 5.0GHz band, which can easily avoid interference from the 2.4GHz band. In addition to the frequency bands, IEEE 802.11a adopts an improved information encoding method, so that the transmission speed can reach 54Mbps. The IEEE 802.11g technology has both the characteristics of IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11b. IEEE 802.11g works in the 2.4GHz frequency band, which achieves the purpose of compatibility with IEEE 802.11b. However, IEEE 802.11g adopts the same information encoding method as IEEE 802.11a, which also makes the transmission frequency reach 54Mbps.
The first revision of Pentium M is called Dothan
In more than two years, Xunchi technology has undergone a revision and a replacement. The core code of the Pentium M processor in the early stage was Bannis, using a 130-nanometer process, 1MB high-speed secondary cache, and a 400MHz front-end bus. The first revision of Centi was in May 2004. The Pentimeter M processor using the 90-nanometer process Dothan core appeared. Its secondary cache capacity is provided to 2MB, and the front-end bus is still 400MHz. It is what we often call Dothan Centimeter. After the first revision, Dothan's core Pentium M processor quickly occupied the market, and Bannis' core products gradually withdrew from the mainstream. Although it is popular in the market to call Dothan core the second generation Centimeter, Intel has not given a clear definition and is still called Centimeter. That is, at the same time as the Dothan Pentium M was launched, Intel changed the convention of defining processor numbers by main frequency, and replaced it with a series of numbers, such as: Pentium M 715/725, etc., which correspond to 1.5GHz and 1.6GHz main frequencies respectively. During the first revision, the original 802.11b wireless network card was also changed to support the 802.11b/g specification, and network transmission was provided from 11Mbps to 14Mbps.
The new generation of Sonoma
The replacement of Centimeter was on January 19, 2005. Intel officially released the new generation of Centimeter mobile computing technology based on the Sonoma platform. Among its components, the Pentimeter M processor is upgraded to Dothan core, 90-nanometer process, 533MHz front-end bus and 2MB high-speed secondary cache. The processor number is Pentimeter M 730-770, and the main frequency starts from 1.60GHz and up to 2.13GHz. The 915GM/PM chipset has brought Cunchi into the PCI-E era, with 915GM integrating Intel GMA900 graphics engine, which has greatly improved the multimedia performance of non-discrete graphics card notebooks. 915PM/GM also supports single-channel DDR333 or dual-channel DDR2 400/533MHz memory, which also reduces some power consumption. At present, the new generation of Sonoma platform, Xunchi is gradually becoming the mainstream of the market.
Xunchi second generation
The new Intel Centrifugal mobile computing technology platform (codenamed Sonoma), which consists of three main components: the Dothan core (2MB L2 cache, 533MHz FSB) with a 90nm process, the new Aviso chipset, and the new wireless module Calexico2 (Intel PRO/wireless 2915ABG or 2200BG wireless LAN component).
New technologies added: the new Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 900 graphics card core, energy-saving 533MHz front-end bus, and dual-channel DDR2 memory support helps to use a system equipped with integrated graphics cards for double graphics performance improvements. In addition, the new Intel Centrifugal mobile computing technology also supports the latest PCI Express graphics interface, which can provide up to 4 times the graphics bandwidth for high-end systems using independent graphics cards. With the support of system manufacturers, options such as TV tuners, Intel HD audio that supports Dolby Digital and 7.1 surround sound, personal recorders and remote controls are also available, while continuing to enjoy the durable battery life time advantages of Intel Centrifugal mobile computing. Features that help manufacturers achieve durable battery life time include: Display Energy Saving Technology 2.0, low-power DDR2 memory support, and enhanced Intel SpeedStep technology.
1. New PentiumM processor: Dothan processor introduces many features in the more mature NetBurst architecture based on Banias, and adds two new technologies: Enhanced Data Prefecher and Enhanced Register Data Retrieval.
Compared with Banias kernel products, Dothan processors have three main changes. First, the production process has been improved from 0.13 microns to a new 90 nanometers, which can produce smaller and faster transistors. Therefore, the Dothan processor has basically remained unchanged in size and power consumption when it doubles the cache compared to Banias. Secondly, Dothan adopts new "strained silicon" material technology. According to Intel tests, the electron flow rate in strained silicon is much faster than that of other current silicon materials, which greatly improves Dothan's main frequency, and has reached a maximum of 2.13G. In addition, Dothan's second-level cache has been increased to 2MB, which has improved performance by about 20% compared to the original same frequency Banias Pentium-M processor. Dothan CPU achieves the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction from multiple aspects. Its secondary cache adopts a combined operation mode of 8 channels, and each channel is divided into 4 power consumption areas. Since only one of the power consumption areas can be used at the same time during the processor's operation, the power consumption areas that cannot be used currently are closed under the control of dedicated stack management technology, thus greatly reducing the power consumption of secondary cache. In addition, Dothan CPU supports the new Enhanced SpeedStep energy-saving technology, which is completely accomplished by the processor's voltage adjustment mechanism and has little to do with the chipset. The switching operations between these modes are all automatic, completely based on the processor's load at the time, so that the energy consumption will be accurately controlled and the purpose of saving more energy.
2. New Aviso chipset: In addition to the Dothan CPU, the core of the Sonoma platform is the Alviso (915PM/915GM) chipset, which contains many latest technologies. In addition to supporting the PCI Express bus architecture, it also includes supporting low-power DDR-2 memory and a new EG3 graphics core. In addition, the Alviso chipset is also equipped with a mobile South Bridge chip code-named ICH6-M, which can provide four serial ATA hard disk interfaces and integrate the new generation of Azalia sound chips and the new ExpressCard external expansion interface. As an alternative to Centrino, "Sonoma" has further improved its wireless, display and audio functions, and its computing speed has also been increased by about 30%.
PCI Express bus will completely replace the AGP bus and PCI bus on the Alviso chipset. This is the most gratifying progress, and you will no longer have to worry about the bottleneck of data transmission in the future. The huge increase in bandwidth has an unnegligible effect on video processing and multimedia production. The PCI Express bus also has the characteristics of low power consumption, which is also very critical for laptops. At the same time, the new system will also be equipped with high-performance, low-power DDRII memory and supports dual channels, which will provide a maximum bandwidth of 8.4G/s, which can meet the development needs of processors for a long time in the future, and will also be of great benefit to the improvement of integrated graphics card performance. With the Sonoma platform, Intel will launch the "Extreme Graphics 3" integrated display chip, with the hardware supporting PS 2.0, VS 2.0 and DirectX 9. It also uses special power management technology to reduce power consumption, allowing users to make free choices between performance and power consumption. The new video memory integrated packaging mode has the display core and video memory on the same substrate. The advantage of this is that it can improve the data exchange speed between video memory and core and effectively reduce the volume.
The biggest advantage of the "Azalia" sound technology integrated on the Sonoma mobile platform is its excellent performance, namely parallel processing functions and standardized architecture. Azalia technology supports up to 32bit/192kHz audio sampling rate and 7.1 channel output. Additionally, Azalia uses a unified bus driver for control, as any Azalia audio device can use the same driver. Azalia sound effects technology will bring unprecedented audio effects to laptops, and with increasingly powerful mobile display technology, it will make playing games with laptops a pleasure.
On the Sonoma mobile platform, the PCMCIA Card that has been used for many years will also undergo great changes. With the popularity of high-bandwidth video and network applications, traditional PCMCIA PC Cards are becoming increasingly unacceptable to this situation. There is an urgent need for a new type of technology to replace it. ExpressCard is such a technology that will be lighter, thinner, faster and easier to use than traditional PC Card technology. In addition to the ExpressCard34 for laptops, there is also the ExpressCard54 for desktop computers, thus creating another bridge between laptops and desktops. Since ExpressCard reaches a more ideal balance between various features such as size, performance, reliability, adaptability, hot swapping and automatic setup, it is very likely to replace the PC Card that has been used for many years.
3. New wireless module Calexico2: One of the most important development trends in mobile computing is to promote the application of wireless local area network (Wi-Fi) on a large scale. Support for wireless connections is one of the core contents of Intel Cunchi technology. However, compared with Dothan processors and Alviso chipsets, the technological innovation of the Calexico2 wireless module is obviously insufficient, because the same technology actually had independent products two years ago. Intel just integrated it into the Sonoma mobile platform and named it Calexico2.
On the Sonoma mobile platform, as an important part of Centi technology, the latest Calexico2 wireless communication module will be configured, and support for IEEE 802.11a/g is added on the basis of supporting IEEE 802.11b. Among them, IEEE802.11a operates in the 5.0GHz band, which can easily avoid interference from the 2.4GHz band. In addition to the frequency bands, IEEE 802.11a adopts an improved information encoding method, so that the transmission speed can reach 54Mbps. The IEEE 802.11g technology has both the characteristics of IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11b. IEEE 802.11g works in the 2.4GHz frequency band, which achieves the purpose of compatibility with IEEE 802.11b. However, IEEE 802.11g adopts the same information encoding method as IEEE 802.11a, which also makes the transmission frequency reach 54Mbps.
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