C# Basic summary of multi-threaded concurrent programming

1. Threading Basics

1.1 Introduction to threads

The thread in C# is the smallest unit that the operating system can perform operational scheduling. It is contained in the process and is the actual operating unit in the process. A process can contain multiple threads that can perform different tasks concurrently.

1.2 Creation and startup of threads

In C#, you can useClasses to create and manage threads.

Create thread:

Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(YourMethod));

Start the thread:

();

1.3 The state of the thread

Threads experience multiple states during their life cycle, including new, ready, running, blocking, and death.

1.4 Thread priority

Threads in C# have priority and can be passedProperties are set. Threads with high priority are more likely to obtain CPU time slices.

2. The basics of multi-threaded programming

2.1 Thread synchronization

In multithreaded programming, since multiple threads may access shared resources at the same time, synchronization issues need to be considered. C# provides multiple synchronization mechanisms.

Lock:

object lockObject = new object();
lock (lockObject)
{
    // Critical area code}

Mutex:

Mutex mutex = new Mutex();
();
// Critical area code();

Semaphore:

Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1, 1);
();
// Critical area code();

2.2 Inter-thread communication

Inter-thread communication is an important part of multi-thread programming, and C# provides a variety of mechanisms to realize inter-thread communication.

Event:

ManualResetEvent event = new ManualResetEvent(false);
(); // Notify other threads(); // Wait for notification from other threads

WaitHandle:

AutoResetEvent waitHandle = new AutoResetEvent(false);
(); // Notify other threads(); // Wait for notification from other threads

2.3 Thread pool

Thread pool is a form of multithreading processing, where tasks are added to queues during processing, and then tasks are executed asynchronously in the background.

Using thread pool:

(new WaitCallback(YourMethod));

2.4 Asynchronous Programming

C# provides an asynchronous programming model (Async/Await), which can simplify the writing of asynchronous operations.

Asynchronous method:

public async Task<int> YourAsyncMethod()
{
    // Asynchronous operation    var result = await SomeAsyncOperation();
    return result;
}

3. Advanced thread management

3.1 Parallel Class Library (TPL)

.NET Framework 4 introduces the Task Parallel Library (TPL) to simplify parallel programming.

Create a task:

Task task = new Task(YourMethod);
();

Wait for the task to complete:

(task1, task2);

Parallel loop:

(0, 100, i => 
{
    // Parallel execution code});

3.2 Parallel LINQ (PLINQ)

PLINQ is a parallel implementation of LINQ to Objects, which can significantly improve the performance of data processing.

PLINQ query:

var query = from num in ()
           where num % 2 == 0
           select num;

3.3 SynchronizationContext

Synchronous context is used to ensure that callbacks are executed on the correct thread.

Get the current synchronization context:

SynchronizationContext context = ;

Publish to synchronization context:

(state => 
{
    // Code executed on the correct thread}, state);

4. Thread-safe collection

4.1 Thread-safe collection class

C# provides some thread-safe collection classes that can be used safely in a multi-threaded environment.

Thread-safe dictionary (ConcurrentDictionary):

ConcurrentDictionary<int, string> dict = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, string>();
(1, "Value1");
string value;
(1, out value);

Thread-safe queue (ConcurrentQueue):

ConcurrentQueue<int> queue = new ConcurrentQueue<int>();
(1);
int item;
(out item);

4.2 Immutable Collections

Immutable collections are collections that cannot be modified once created and can be safely shared among multiple threads.

Create an immutable collection:

ImmutableList<int> list = (1, 2, 3);

5. Performance monitoring and debugging

5.1 Performance Monitoring

Using performance monitoring tools can help diagnose performance bottlenecks in multithreaded programs.

Performance Counter:

PerformanceCounter counter = new PerformanceCounter("Category", "Counter");
();

5.2 Debugging skills

Debugging multithreaded programs requires special skills and tools.

Using the Visual Studio debugger:

• Breakpoint
• Parallel Stack Window
• Parallel task window

Logging:

using (var writer = new StreamWriter("", true))
{
    ("Thread {0} is executing.", );
}

6. Best Practices and FAQs

6.1 Best Practices

• Try to use thread pools to manage threads
• Avoid excessive synchronization
• Use asynchronous programming models to improve responsiveness and performance

6.2 FAQ

• Deadlock
• Race Conditions
• Thread hunger

By following best practices and understanding common problems, efficient and stable multi-threaded programs can be written.

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