1. User authentication and video upload
When building a video streaming platform, user authentication and video upload are two crucial functions. Through the user authentication mechanism, the platform can ensure that only authorized users can upload videos. The video upload function involves how to process video files, store videos and provide support for subsequent playback. As an efficient web framework, FastAPI can easily handle these requirements.
User Authentication and Management
In video platforms, user authentication is the first line of defense for system security. Usually, users need to register, log in, and must verify their identity before uploading videos. This can be achieved through FastAPI combined with JWT (Json Web Token). JWT can provide valid identity authentication for each request, ensuring that only logged-in users can perform sensitive operations such as video upload.
The following is an implementation of a simple user authentication system:
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel
from import CryptContext
import jwt
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
app = FastAPI()
# Password encryption contextpwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
# User Data Modelclass User(BaseModel):
username: str
password: str
class Token(BaseModel):
access_token: str
token_type: str
# Simulate databasefake_users_db = {}
# Password encryption functiondef get_password_hash(password: str):
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
# Log in to authenticate@("/login/", response_model=Token)
def login(user: User):
db_user = fake_users_db.get()
if not db_user or not verify_password(, db_user['password']):
raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid credentials")
access_token = ({"sub": , "exp": () + timedelta(hours=1)}, "secret", algorithm="HS256")
return {"access_token": access_token, "token_type": "bearer"}
In this example, the user submits the username and password for authentication through the login interface. If the authentication is passed, the JWT token will be returned.
JWT tokens are used for authentication in subsequent requests to ensure the security of platform resources.
Video upload function
The video upload function is one of the core of the video streaming platform. In FastAPI, handling file uploads is very simple. With File and UploadFile, the platform can easily accept video files in multiple formats uploaded by users. During implementation, verification of file type and size is required to ensure that the uploaded content meets the platform requirements.
The following is a simple video upload interface implementation:
from fastapi import UploadFile, File, HTTPException
@("/upload_video/")
async def upload_video(file: UploadFile = File(...)):
# File type check if not file.content_type.startswith('video'):
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="File is not a video")
# File size limit (for example, limit to 100MB) if > 100 * 1024 * 1024:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="File is too large")
# File saving logic file_location = f"uploads/{}"
with open(file_location, "wb") as f:
(())
return {"message": "Video uploaded successfully", "file_location": file_location}
The above code receives the video files uploaded by the user through UploadFile and performs verification of file type and size.
After uploading the file, it will be stored in the local path of the server under uploads/.
Through the functions of user authentication and video upload, the platform can provide users with a safe and convenient video management experience.
2. Video transcoding and storage
Video transcoding is a very critical part of the streaming media platform. It is responsible for converting various format video files uploaded by users into standard formats supported by the platform for easy playback. As a back-end processing framework, FastAPI can cooperate with third-party tools (such as FFmpeg) to achieve efficient video transcoding and storage.
Video transcoding
Video transcoding is the process of converting a video file from one format to another. In streaming media platforms, common formats include MP4, WEBM, AVI, etc. In order to ensure that the video can be played smoothly on different devices, the platform needs to uniformly transcode the uploaded video into a standard format.
FFmpeg is a powerful open source multimedia framework that can help with video transcoding. Here is an example of how to integrate FFmpeg for video transcoding in FastAPI:
import subprocess
import os
def transcode_video(input_path: str, output_path: str):
command = [
"ffmpeg",
"-i", input_path,
"-vcodec", "libx264",
"-acodec", "aac",
"-strict", "experimental",
output_path
]
(command, check=True)
@("/transcode_video/")
async def transcode_video(file_location: str):
output_path = file_location.replace(".avi", ".mp4") # Convert AVI to MP4 try:
transcode_video(file_location, output_path)
return {"message": "Video transcoded successfully", "output_path": output_path}
except Exception as e:
raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Error during transcoding: {e}")
In this code, the transcode_video function converts the video format by calling FFmpeg.
The method executes the FFmpeg command line instruction and transcodes the input video file into MP4 format.
Video storage
The video transcoding file needs to be stored for later playback. Typically, video files can be stored in the local file system or managed using cloud storage services such as AWS S3 and Google Cloud Storage.
In this example, the transcoded video file will be saved in the server's uploads/ directory:
def save_video(file: UploadFile, file_location: str):
with open(file_location, "wb") as f:
(())
Through this save_video function, the platform stores the video file to the specified directory.
Video transcoding and storage functions can ensure that the platform's video content can be played compatible on multiple devices and browsers, and provide users with a high-quality video viewing experience.
3. Real-time video streaming and multimedia services
In video streaming platforms, live video streaming is a crucial feature that allows users to watch videos over the Internet. FastAPI combines multimedia services to provide the platform with efficient real-time video streaming capabilities.
Live video streaming
Real-time video streaming requires that video data be quickly and continuously transmitted to the client. To this end, platforms usually divide video files into multiple small fragments and stream them through protocols such as HTTP or RTMP. FastAPI can stream videos through StreamingResponse.
The following is a simple video streaming interface implementation:
from fastapi import StreamingResponse
from pathlib import Path
@("/video/{video_id}")
async def stream_video(video_id: int):
video_path = Path(f"uploads/video{video_id}.mp4")
if not video_path.exists():
raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Video not found")
video_file = open(video_path, "rb")
return StreamingResponse(video_file, media_type="video/mp4")
In this implementation, the stream_video interface returns the video stream through StreamingResponse, and the client can play the video on demand.
Video files are transferred from the server to the client in a stream, rather than downloading the full file at once.
Multimedia Services
In addition to video playback, the platform may also need to provide a variety of media services such as audio and subtitles. FastAPI can be used in conjunction with a variety of multimedia processing libraries to implement various functions. For example, audio processing can be implemented through the pydub library, while subtitle extraction can be implemented through ffmpeg.
Here is a simple example of how to process audio via pydub:
from pydub import AudioSegment
@("/extract_audio/")
async def extract_audio(file_location: str):
try:
video_audio = AudioSegment.from_file(file_location)
audio_path = file_location.replace(".mp4", ".mp3")
video_audio.export(audio_path, format="mp3")
return {"message": "Audio extracted successfully", "audio_path": audio_path}
except Exception as e:
raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Error during audio extraction: {e}")
This interface extracts the audio from the video and saves it to MP3 format.
Through the combination of real-time video streaming and multimedia services, the platform can provide users with a rich audio and video experience, so that they can enjoy smooth video playback in different devices and network environments.
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