ACPI: Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, that is, advanced configuration and power management interface.
This interface standard allows the operating system to perform the function of controlling power and system configuration for the first time. With ACPI standards, system manufacturers can launch system products that are consistent with the latest PC original OnNow design.
BIOS：Basic Input-Output System
Description: The basic input and output system of the PC is a ROM chip integrated on the motherboard, which contains the most important basic input/output program of the PC system, system information setting program, power-on self-test program and system startup bootstrap program. You can see the BIOS ROM chip on the motherboard. Key issues such as superior performance, stable operation, and good compatibility depend largely on whether the BIOS management functions on the board are advanced.
CMOS
The original meaning refers to complementary metal oxide semiconductors - a manufacturing process applied on a large scale to integrated circuit chip manufacturing. A readable and writeable RAM chip reflected on the microcomputer motherboard is used to save the hardware configuration of the current system and the user's settings for certain parameters.
It means that CMOS can be powered by the motherboard's battery, and information will not be lost even if the system loses power. CMOS RAM itself is just a piece of memory, and only the system parameter settings data storage function is set, and the settings of various parameters in CMOS must be done through a special program, that is, the BIOS. Early CMOS setup programs were stored on floppy disks (such as IBM's PC/AT models), which are very inconvenient to use. Now most manufacturers have made the CMOS setup program into the BIOS chip. When powering on, you can enter the CMOS setup program through specific buttons to facilitate the system setting. Therefore, CMOS settings are also called BIOS settings.
DMA: Direct Memory Access, which means "direct memory access".
It means a high-speed data transmission operation that allows direct reading and writing of data between external devices and memory, neither passing through the CPU nor requiring CPU intervention. The entire data transmission operation is carried out under a control called a "DMA controller". In addition to doing a little processing at the beginning and end of data transmission, the CPU can perform other tasks during the transmission process. This way, for most of the time, the CPU and the input and output are in parallel operation. Therefore, the efficiency of the entire computer system is greatly improved. FLASH ROM: Flash memory, essentially belongs to EEPROM - electrically erasable read-only memory.
In normal circumstances, FLASH ROM is prohibited from writing, just like EPROM. When needed, a higher voltage can be added to write or erased. Therefore, it is convenient to maintain and upgrade. The BIOS upgraded program disk is generally provided by the motherboard manufacturer, and can also be downloaded online on the Internet. In order to prevent users from accidentally operating, the content in FLASH BIOS was deleted and the system was paralyzed, ordinary motherboard manufacturers have solidified a small startup program (BOOT BLOCK) in FLASH BIOS to take over the startup of the system in an emergency.
ISA：Industry Standard Architecture
The description is a bus standard formulated by IBM for its PC/AT computers, also known as the AT standard. It is a 16-bit architecture and only supports 16-bit I/O devices. Due to the shortcomings of low data transmission rate, lack of technical specifications, inability to support multi-processor systems, and not supporting automatic configuration, it has long been a "bottleneck" that plagues system speed improvement.
PCI：Peripheral Component Interconnect
The explanation is a bus structure launched by SIG (Special Interest Group) Group. The group was initiated and established by Intel and HP in 1992. In 1993, it joined forces with Intel, COMPAQ, IBM, DEC, Apple, NCR and other franchises to re-expand. The PCI bus has a data transmission rate of 132MB/s and a strong load capacity. It can be used in a variety of hardware platforms and is compatible with ISA bus.
PnP: Plug and Play, meaning "plug and play" in Chinese.
The description refers to the peripheral equipment equipped with the computer's automatic identification system. It can be used without manual intervention and the peripheral can be plugged in. Currently, PnP computers can only automatically recognize some peripherals.
This interface standard allows the operating system to perform the function of controlling power and system configuration for the first time. With ACPI standards, system manufacturers can launch system products that are consistent with the latest PC original OnNow design.
BIOS：Basic Input-Output System
Description: The basic input and output system of the PC is a ROM chip integrated on the motherboard, which contains the most important basic input/output program of the PC system, system information setting program, power-on self-test program and system startup bootstrap program. You can see the BIOS ROM chip on the motherboard. Key issues such as superior performance, stable operation, and good compatibility depend largely on whether the BIOS management functions on the board are advanced.
CMOS
The original meaning refers to complementary metal oxide semiconductors - a manufacturing process applied on a large scale to integrated circuit chip manufacturing. A readable and writeable RAM chip reflected on the microcomputer motherboard is used to save the hardware configuration of the current system and the user's settings for certain parameters.
It means that CMOS can be powered by the motherboard's battery, and information will not be lost even if the system loses power. CMOS RAM itself is just a piece of memory, and only the system parameter settings data storage function is set, and the settings of various parameters in CMOS must be done through a special program, that is, the BIOS. Early CMOS setup programs were stored on floppy disks (such as IBM's PC/AT models), which are very inconvenient to use. Now most manufacturers have made the CMOS setup program into the BIOS chip. When powering on, you can enter the CMOS setup program through specific buttons to facilitate the system setting. Therefore, CMOS settings are also called BIOS settings.
DMA: Direct Memory Access, which means "direct memory access".
It means a high-speed data transmission operation that allows direct reading and writing of data between external devices and memory, neither passing through the CPU nor requiring CPU intervention. The entire data transmission operation is carried out under a control called a "DMA controller". In addition to doing a little processing at the beginning and end of data transmission, the CPU can perform other tasks during the transmission process. This way, for most of the time, the CPU and the input and output are in parallel operation. Therefore, the efficiency of the entire computer system is greatly improved. FLASH ROM: Flash memory, essentially belongs to EEPROM - electrically erasable read-only memory.
In normal circumstances, FLASH ROM is prohibited from writing, just like EPROM. When needed, a higher voltage can be added to write or erased. Therefore, it is convenient to maintain and upgrade. The BIOS upgraded program disk is generally provided by the motherboard manufacturer, and can also be downloaded online on the Internet. In order to prevent users from accidentally operating, the content in FLASH BIOS was deleted and the system was paralyzed, ordinary motherboard manufacturers have solidified a small startup program (BOOT BLOCK) in FLASH BIOS to take over the startup of the system in an emergency.
ISA：Industry Standard Architecture
The description is a bus standard formulated by IBM for its PC/AT computers, also known as the AT standard. It is a 16-bit architecture and only supports 16-bit I/O devices. Due to the shortcomings of low data transmission rate, lack of technical specifications, inability to support multi-processor systems, and not supporting automatic configuration, it has long been a "bottleneck" that plagues system speed improvement.
PCI：Peripheral Component Interconnect
The explanation is a bus structure launched by SIG (Special Interest Group) Group. The group was initiated and established by Intel and HP in 1992. In 1993, it joined forces with Intel, COMPAQ, IBM, DEC, Apple, NCR and other franchises to re-expand. The PCI bus has a data transmission rate of 132MB/s and a strong load capacity. It can be used in a variety of hardware platforms and is compatible with ISA bus.
PnP: Plug and Play, meaning "plug and play" in Chinese.
The description refers to the peripheral equipment equipped with the computer's automatic identification system. It can be used without manual intervention and the peripheral can be plugged in. Currently, PnP computers can only automatically recognize some peripherals.