How Python gets a file path/directory

import os

current_file_path = __file__
print(f"current_file_path: {current_file_path}")

import inspect

current_file_name = (())
print(f"current_file_name: {current_file_name}")

import inspect

def be_call_fun():
  # stack() returns a list of call stacks.
  frame_stack = ()
  # 0 is the stack that identifies the current function, 1 is the stack that identifies the previous function, and so on.
  # That is, the value is not necessarily 1, depending on what level of the function you want to get its file path at
  caller_frame = frame_stack[1]
  caller_file_path = caller_frame.filename
  # The filename is still the current filename because the current calling function and the called function are placed in the same file.
  # The calling and called functions can be observed in separate files.
  print(f"caller_file_path: {caller_file_path}")

def caller_fun():
  be_call_fun()

if __name__ == "__main__":
  caller_fun()

import os

current_working_dir = ()
print(f"current_working_dir: {current_working_dir}")

import os

# Absolute path to the file
current_file_path = __file__
# Extract directories from absolute paths with the help of dirname().
current_file_dir = (current_file_path)
print(f"current_file_dir: {current_file_dir}")

# Similarly you can extract filenames from absolute paths with the help of basename().
# current_filename = (current_file_path)

# It is also recommended to use () for path splicing, so that you don't have to concern yourself with path separator issues
# Then there is the () parameter does not have to be a directory + filename form, no matter how many parameters can be stitched together
# current_file_path = (current_file_dir, current_filename)

import os


file_name = ""
new_file_name = "new_test.txt"

# Blank documents created
open(file_name, 'w').close()

# Delete files
(file_name)

# Rename files
(file_name, new_file_name)

# Read the file
with open(file_name, 'r') as fd:
  # Read everything
  ()
  # Read a line
  ()
  # Read all the rows and return a table of all the rows.
  ()

# Iterate through the rows of the file in a concise way
for line in open(file_name, 'r', encoding='utf-8'):
  print(line)

# Write files
with open(file_name, 'w') as fd:
  # Write to file, need to add your own \n
  ("test_str")
  # Write to file, need to add your own \n
  The difference between # and write is that the arguments can be a list of strings, in addition to a string.
  (["test_str", "test_str"])

import os


dir_name = "test_dir/dir_name"
new_dir_name = "test_dir/new_dir_name"

# Create the directory. This is the same as mkdir in the shell, and will fail if the parent directory does not exist.
(dir_name)
# Create a directory. This is similar to mkdir -p in the shell, which automatically creates a parent folder if it does not exist.
(dir_name, exist_ok=True)

# Delete the directory. This is the shell equivalent of rmdir, which fails if the directory is not empty.
(dir_name)
# Delete the directory. This is the shell equivalent of rm -rf.
import shutil
(dir_name)

# Rename the directory.
(dir_name, new_dir_name)

# Traverse the catalog
# dir_path is the current traversed directory. dir_names is the list of folders under dir_path. file_names is the list of files under dir_path.
# If you want to whitelist directories, just remove the whitelisted directories from dir_names
for (dir_path, dir_names, file_names) in (dir_name):
  for file_name in file_names:
    print((dir_path, file_name))