In web applications, HTTP error handling is very important. It is related to the stability and reliability of web applications. Go language has rich support for HTTP error handling. This article aims to introduce how to handle HTTP errors in Go projects and provide corresponding solutions and practical experience. I hope it will be helpful to developers of Go language web applications.
Solution
Error code design
HTTP error code is a status code defined by the HTTP protocol, which is used to indicate a client request error or an error occurred in the server. In Go projects, we should design HTTP error codes in a unified manner. It is recommended to divide error codes into the following categories:
- 400 Bad Request: Indicates that the request submitted by the client is incorrect and the server cannot handle it.
- 401 Unauthorized: means that the client has no authorization or the authorization failed.
- 403 Forbidden: means that the client request was rejected by the server.
- 404 Not Found: Indicates that the resource requested by the client does not exist.
- 500 Internal Server Error: Indicates that an error occurred on the server.
In addition to the common error codes above, more HTTP error codes can be defined according to actual conditions.
Unified processing
In a Go project, we need to handle HTTP errors uniformly. By adding unified error handling logic to the HTTP processor, we can add unified error handling logic without changing the original HTTP processor logic. The sample code is as follows:
func errorHandler(handler ) {
return func(w , r *) {
defer func() {
if err := recover(); err != nil {
("[E] %s", err)
(w, "Internal server error", )
}
}()
handler(w, r)
}
}
func main() {
("/", errorHandler(handlerFunc))
(":8080", nil)
}In the HTTP processor, we define aerrorHandlerfunction, it accepts aA function of type takes as an argument and returns a new oneFunction of type. In the new function, we passdeferKeywords delay the execution of error handling logic, and even if the program errors occur, it can guarantee that the legitimate HTTP response code and response body format will be returned.
Logging
Logging is an important part of HTTP error handling in Go projects. It can help us quickly locate and find problems and analyze the causes of errors. In Go language, we can use standard log library or third-party log library to complete logging. The specific implementation code is as follows:
func errorHandler(handler ) {
return func(w , r *) {
defer func() {
if err := recover(); err != nil {
("[E] %s", err)
(w, "Internal server error", )
// Log error log (err, , )
}
}()
handler(w, r)
}
}In the error handling function, we useMethod logs error messages and usesThe method records the error message, the request path and the request method to the log file together. In actual projects, we can record the logs in more detail to facilitate error tracking.
Error Tracking
In Go projects we can usestackPackage implements error tracking. By printing out the error message and the call stack, we can help us better locate and resolve errors.
Here is the example code for error tracking:
func errorHandler(handler ) {
return func(w , r *) {
defer func() {
if err := recover(); err != nil {
("[E] %s", err)
(w, "Internal server error", )
// Error tracking var buf [4096]byte
n := (buf[:], false)
("%s", buf[:n])
}
}()
handler(w, r)
}
}In the error handling function, we useMethod prints out the stack information and records it to a log file. In this way, we can quickly find the location of the error and troubleshoot and fix the errors.
practice
The following is a typical HTTP error handling practice code, including error code design, unified processing, logging and error tracking.
type Error struct {
Code int `json:"code"`
Message string `json:"message"`
}
func errorHandler(handler ) {
return func(w , r *) {
defer func() {
if err := recover(); err != nil {
("[E] %s", err)
(w, "Internal server error", )
// Logging and error tracking (err, , )
var buf [4096]byte
n := (buf[:], false)
("%s", buf[:n])
}
}()
handler(w, r)
}
}
func RespondWithError(w , code int, message string) {
errorBody := Error{Code: code, Message: message}
response, err := (errorBody)
if err != nil {
(w, "Internal server error", )
return
}
().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
(code)
(response)
}
func(w , r *) {
// Read request parameters id := ().Get("id")
if id == "" {
RespondWithError(w, , "id is required")
return
}
// Simulate database access errors if id == "666" {
panic("database access error")
}
// Normal processing of request logic RespondWithJson(w, , map[string]interface{}{
"id": id,
"name": "John",
"age": 25,
})
}
func main() {
("/", errorHandler(handlerFunc))
(":8080", nil)
}In the above code, we define an HTTP handler functionhandlerFunc, it is used to respond to client requests and simulates database access errors. existerrorHandlerIn the function, we userecoverStatement capturehandlerFuncThe exception thrown by the function, then outputs the error message and stack information, and returns the legitimate HTTP response code and response body format.
Summarize
Through the introduction of this article, we understand the methods and practices of HTTP error handling in Go projects. Correctly handling HTTP errors can improve the reliability and stability of web applications, and can also improve the work efficiency and development quality of developers. We recommend using methods such as error code design, unified processing, logging and error tracking to quickly locate and resolve HTTP errors.
This is the end of this article about the detailed explanation of HTTP error handling in the exploration of Go's advanced features. For more relevant content on Go's HTTP error handling, please search for my previous articles or continue browsing the related articles below. I hope everyone will support me in the future!