Summary and analysis of commonly used Docker commands and examples

1. Container life cycle management

（1）docker run

Command description
Create a new container and run a command
grammar

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…]

OPTIONS Description:

-a stdin: Specify the standard input and output content type，Optional STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR Three items；
-d: Run containers in the background，and return to the containerID；
-i: Run containers in interactive mode，Usually with -t Use simultaneously；
-P: Random port mapping，The container's internal ports are randomly mapped to the host's ports
-p: Specify port mapping，The format is：Host(Host)port:容器port
-t: Reassign a pseudo-input terminal to the container，Usually with -i Use simultaneously；
--name="nginx-lb": Assign a name to the container；
--dns 8.8.8.8: Specify the container to useDNSserver，默认和Host一致；
--dns-search : Specify containerDNSSearch for domain names，默认和Host一致；
-h "mars": Specify container的hostname；
-e username="ritchie": Set environment variables；
--env-file=[]: Reading environment variables from the specified file；
--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": Bind the container to the specifiedCPUrun；
-m :Set the maximum memory value of the container；
--net="bridge": Specify container的网络连接类型，support bridge/host/none/container: Four types；
--link=[]: Add link to another container；
--expose=[]: 开放一个port或一组port；
--volume , -v: Bind a volume

Common examples

Use docker image fate:latest background mode to start a container and name the container myfate.

docker run --name myfate -d fate:latest

Start a container using mirror fate:latest background mode and map the container's port 80 to the host random port.

docker run -P -d fate:latest

Using the mirror fate:latest, start a container in the background mode, map the container's port 80 to the host's port 80, and the host's directory /data is mapped to the container's /data.

docker run -p 80:80 -v /data:/data -d fate:latest

Bind port 8080 of the container and map it to port 80 of localhost 127.0.0.1.

$ docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080/tcp ubuntu bash

Use mirror fate:latest to start a container in interactive mode, and execute the /bin/bash command inside the container.

wh@wh-pc:~$ docker run -it fate:latest /bin/bash
root@b8573233d675:/# 

（2）start/stop/restart

Command description:
    docker start : Start one or more containers that have been stopped
    docker stop :Stop a running container
   docker restart:Restart the container
How to use:
Start the stopped container myfate

docker start myfate

Stop running container myfate

docker stop myfate

Restart the container myfate

docker restart myfate

（3）docker kill

Command description
Kill a running container.
Example
Kill the running container myfate

wh@wh-pc:~$ docker kill -s KILL myfate

（4）docker rm

Command description
Delete one or more containers
grammar

docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]

OPTIONS Description:

-f :pass SIGKILL Signal force deletion of a running container。
-l :Remove network connections between containers，Not the container itself。
-v :Delete the volume associated with the container。

Common examples

Forced deletion of containers fate01 and fate02:

docker rm -f fate01 fate02

Remove the connection of container fate01 to container fate02, the connection name db:

docker rm -l db 

Delete the container fate, and delete the data volume mounted by the container:

docker rm -v fate

Delete all stopped containers:

docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

Kill all running containers

docker kill $(docker ps -a -q)

Delete all stopped containers

docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

Delete all images without dangling tags

docker rmi $(docker images -q -f dangling=true)

Delete the specified image by the image's id

docker rmi <image id>

Delete all images

docker rmi $(docker images -q)

（5）pause/unpause

Command description
docker pause: Pause all processes in the container.
docker unpause:Restore all processes in the container.
grammar

docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]

Common examples
Pauses the service provided by the database container fate.

docker pause fate

Recover the database container fate provides services.

docker unpause fate

（6）create

Command description
docker create : Create a new container but not start it
The same as docker run
grammar

docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG…]
Syntax is the same as docker run

Common examples
Create a container using docker image fate:latest and name the container myfate

wh@wh-pc:~$ docker create  --name myfate  fate:latest      

（7）docker exec

Command description
Execute commands in running container
grammar

docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG…]

OPTIONS Description:
-d:Separate mode: Run in the background
-i: Keep STDIN on even if there is no attachment
-t : Assign a pseudo-terminal
Common examples
Execute the /root/ script in interactive mode in container myfate:

wh@wh-pc:~$ docker exec -it myfate /bin/sh /root/

Open an interactive mode terminal in the container fate:

wh@:~$ docker exec -i -t  myfate /bin/bash

You can also view the running container through the docker ps -a command and then enter the container using the container ID.
View the container ID that is already running:

# docker ps -a 
...
9df70f9a0714        openjdk             "/usercode/…" 
...

The 9df70f9a0714 in the first column is the container ID.
Execute bash on the specified container via the exec command:

# docker exec -it 9df70f9a0714 /bin/bash

（8）docker ps

Command description
List containers
grammar

docker ps [OPTIONS]

OPTIONS Description:
-a: Show all containers, including those not running.
-f:Filter the displayed content according to the conditions.
–format: Specifies the template file that returns the value.
-l: Shows the recently created container.
-n : List n containers that have been recently created.
–no-trunc:Do not truncate the output.
-q :Silent mode, only display container number.
-s: Shows the total file size.
Common examples
Lists all running container information.

wh@wh-pc:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                ...  PORTS                    NAMES
09b93464c2f7   fate:latest   "fate -g 'daemon off" ...  80/tcp, 443/tcp              myfate
96f7f14e99ab   mysql:5.6      "" ...  0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   mymysql

Output details:
CONTAINER ID: Container ID.
IMAGE: The mirror used.
COMMAND: Commands that run when starting the container.
CREATED: The creation time of the container.
STATUS: Container status.

There are 7 states:

created(Created)

restarting(Restarting)

running(In operation)

removing(Migrating)

paused(pause)

exited(stop)

dead(die)

PORTS: Port information of the container and the connection type used (tcp\udp).
NAMES: Automatically allocated container name.

Lists the 5 most recently created container information.

wh@whpc:~$ docker ps -n 5
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                   CREATED           
09b93464c2f7        fate:latest        "fate -g 'daemon off"    2 days ago   ...     
b8573233d675        fate:latest        "/bin/bash"               2 days ago   ...     
b1a0703e41e7        fate:latest        "fate -g 'daemon off"    2 days ago   ...    
f46fb1dec520        5c6e1090e771        "/bin/sh -c 'set -x \t"   2 days ago   ...   
a63b4a5597de        860c279d2fec        "bash"                    2 days ago   ..

Filter by tag

$ docker run -d --name=test-nginx --label color=blue nginx
$ docker ps --filter "label=color"
$ docker ps --filter "label=color=blue"

Filter by name

$ docker ps --filter"name=test-nginx"

Filter by status

$ docker ps -a --filter 'exited=0'
$ docker ps --filter status=running
$ docker ps --filter status=paused

Filter by mirror

#Mirror Name$ docker ps --filter ancestor=nginx
#Mirror ID$ docker ps --filter ancestor=d0e008c6cf02

Filter according to startup sequence

$ docker ps -f before=9c3527ed70ce
$ docker ps -f since=6e63f6ff38b0

（9）docker inspect

Command description
docker inspect: Get the metadata of the container/mirror.
grammar

docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID…]

OPTIONS Description:
-f : Specifies the template file that returns the value.
-s: Shows the total file size.
–type : Returns JSON for the specified type.

Common examples
Get the meta information of the mirror fate:1.6.

wh@wh-pc:~$ docker inspect fate:1.6
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:2c0964ec182ae9a045f866bbc2553087f6e42bfc16074a74fb820af235f070ec",
        "RepoTags": [
            "fate:1.6"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2016-05-24T04:01:41.168371815Z",
        "Container": "e0924bc460ff97787f34610115e9363e6363b30b8efa406e28eb495ab199ca54",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "b0cf605c7757",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {}
            },
...

Get the IP of the running container mymysql.

wh@wh-pc:~$ docker inspect --format='{{range .}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' myfate
192.17.0.3

（10）top

Command description
View the process information running in the container and supports the ps command parameter.
Common examples

wh@wh-pc:~/mysql$ docker top mysql
UID    PID    PPID    C      STIME   TTY  TIME       CMD
999    40347  40331   18     00:58   ?    00:00:02   mysqld

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