Opening Eight Operating System
Network operating system
Network operating system (NOS), the heart and soul of the network, is an operating system that provides network communication and network resource sharing functions to network computers. It is a collection of software responsible for managing the entire network resources and facilitates network users. Since the network operating system runs on the server, we sometimes call it a server operating system.
The network operating system differs from the single-user operating system (such as WINDOWS98, etc.) or multi-user operating system running on the workstation due to the different types of services provided. Generally speaking, network operating systems are designed to make network-related characteristics optimal.
Such as shared data files, software applications, and shared hard disks, printers, modems, scanners and fax machines. The purpose of a general computer operating system, such as DOS and OS/2, is to enable the best interaction between the user and the system and various applications running on this operating system.
Currently, the following types of network operating systems exist in the LAN:
1. Windows class
I believe that anyone who has used computers is familiar with this type of operating system. This is developed by Microsoft, the world's largest software developer. Microsoft's Windows system not only has an absolute advantage in personal operating systems, but also has a very strong power in network operating systems. This type of operating system configuration is the most common in the entire LAN configuration, but because it has high hardware requirements for the server and is not very stable and performance, Microsoft's network operating system is generally only used in low-end servers, and high-end servers usually use non-Windows operating systems such as UNIX, LINUX or Solais.
In the LAN, Microsoft's network operating systems mainly include: Windows NT 4.0 Server, Windows 2000 Server/Advance Server, and the latest Windows 2003 Server/Advance Server, etc. The workstation system can use any Windows or non-Windows operating system, including personal operating systems, such as Windows 9x/ME/XP, etc.
The most successful thing in the entire Windows network operating system is to count the Windows NT4.0 system. It has almost become the standard operating system for local area networks in medium and small enterprises. On the one hand, it inherits the unified interface of the Windows family, making it easier for users to learn and use. Furthermore, its functions are indeed relatively powerful, and can basically meet the various network requirements of all medium and small enterprises. Although it is much inferior in function compared to Windows 2000/2003 Server system, it has much lower requirements for server hardware configuration, which can meet the PC server configuration needs of many medium and small enterprises to a greater extent.
2. NetWare class
Although the NetWare operating system is far less glorious than it was a few years ago and has lost its momentum in the local area network, the NetWare operating system is still favored by some medium and small enterprises, especially schools, because of its low requirements for network hardware (the workstation is only 286 machines). People can't forget its advantages in the construction of diskless workstations, and their generous magnanimity without excessive demand.
And because it is compatible with DOS commands, its application environment is similar to DOS. After a long period of development, it has a lot of application software support, and is technology-complete and reliable. Currently, commonly used versions include Chinese and English versions such as 3.11, 3.12, 4.10, V4.11, V5.0, etc. NetWare server has good support for diskless sites and games, and is often used in teaching networks and game halls. At present, the market share of this operating system is on the downward trend, and this part of the market is mainly divided by Windows NT/2000 and Linux systems.
3. Unix system
Currently, the commonly used UNIX system versions are: Unix SUR4.0, HP-UX 11.0, SUN's Solaris8.0, etc. Supports network file system services and provides applications such as data. It has powerful functions and is launched by AT&T and SCO. This network operating system has very good stability and security performance, but since it is mostly operated in command mode, it is not easy to master, especially for beginners. Because of this, small LANs basically do not use Unix as network operating system. UNIX is generally used in large websites or large enterprise and business LANs.
UNIX network operating system has a long history, its good network management functions have been accepted by the majority of network users, and it has rich application software support. Currently, the UNIX network operating system versions include: UNIXSVR3.2, SVR4.0 and SVR4.2 of AT&T and SCO. UNIX is an operating system developed for small machine host environments and is a centralized time-sharing multi-user architecture. Due to its unreasonable architecture, UNIX's market share is on the downward trend.
4. Linux
This is a new type of network operating system. Its biggest feature is that its source code is open and many applications can be obtained for free. Currently, there are also Chinese versions of Linux, such as REDHAT (Red Hat), Hongqi Linux, etc. It has been fully recognized by users in China, mainly reflected in its security and stability. It has many similarities with Unix. However, at present, such operating systems are still mainly used in medium and high-end servers.
In general, support for a specific computing environment makes each operating system suitable for its own workplace, which is the system's support for a specific computing environment. For example, Windows 2000 Professional is suitable for desktop computers, Linux is currently suitable for small networks, while Windows 2000 Server and UNIX are suitable for large server applications. Therefore, for different network applications, we need to choose the appropriate network operating system in a purposeful and appropriate manner.
Recommended brands: Windows XP, Windows 2003, Linux
Opening 9 Hard disk array card
Get to know RAID cards easily
We all know that implementing RAID (redundant disk array) on servers is a necessary means to protect data from hardware failures, but many customers are actually not familiar with RAID.
RAID is the abbreviation of Redundant Array of Independent Disks in English. It is translated into Chinese as an independent disk redundant array, or abbreviated as a disk array. Simply put, RAID is a technology that combines multiple independent hard disks (physical hard disks) into a hard disk group (logical hard disks), thereby providing higher storage performance than a single hard disk and providing data redundancy.
The different ways of forming a disk array are called RAID levels. After continuous development, RAID technology now has seven basic RAID levels from RAID 0 to 6. In addition, there are some basic RAID level combination forms, such as RAID 10 (combination of RAID 0 and RAID 1), RAID 50 (combination of RAID 0 and RAID 5), etc. Different RAID levels represent different storage performance, data security, and storage costs.
RAID cards are boards used to implement RAID functions. They are usually composed of a series of components such as I/O processors, SCSI controllers, SCSI connectors and caches. Different RAID cards support different RAID functions. The first function of the RAID card is that it allows many disk drives to transmit data at the same time, and these disk drives are logically a disk drive, so using RAID can achieve a rate of several times, dozens or even hundreds of times a single disk drive. The second important feature is that it can provide fault tolerance.
Note here that the interface refers to the hard disk interface supported by the RAID card. Currently there are three main categories: IDE interface, SATA interface and SCSI interface.
IDE interface
The full English name of IDE is "Integrated Drive Electronics" (i.e., electronic integrated drive). IDE's interface technology has been constantly developing since its birth and its performance has been continuously improved. Its low price and strong compatibility have combined these factors to create an irreplaceable position for other types of hard drives.
IDE represents a type of hard disk, but in actual applications, people are also accustomed to using IDE to call the first IDE-type hard disk ATA-1. This type of interface has been eliminated with the development of interface technology, and then more types of hard disk interfaces are branched out, such as ATA, Ultra ATA, DMA, Ultra DMA and other interfaces all belong to IDE hard disks.
SATA interface
Hard disks using SATA (Serial ATA) ports are also called serial hard disks, which are the future trend of PC hard disks. In 2001, the Serial ATA committee composed of Intel, APT, Dell, IBM, Seagate and Maxto officially established the Serial ATA1.0 specification.
Serial ATA adopts a serial connection method. The serial ATA bus uses embedded clock signals and has stronger error correction capabilities. Compared with the past, its biggest difference is that it can check the transmitted instructions (not just data). If errors are found, they will be automatically corrected, which greatly improves the reliability of data transmission. The serial interface also has the advantages of simple structure and hot plug-in support.
SCSI interface
The full English name of SCSI is "Small Computer System Interface", which is a completely different interface from the IDE. The SCSI interface has the advantages of wide application range, multitasking, large bandwidth, low CPU usage, and support for hot plugging, but its high price makes it difficult to become as popular as an IDE hard drive. Therefore, SCSI hard drives are mainly used in mid-to-high-end servers and high-end workstations.
Recommended brands: Adptec, Lsi, Rocket
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