Basic examples of Swift map and filter function prototypes

/// Returns an array containing the results of mapping the given closure
/// over the sequence's elements.
///
/// In this example, `map` is used first to convert the names in the array
/// to lowercase strings and then to count their characters.
///
///     let cast = ["Vivien", "Marlon", "Kim", "Karl"]
///     let lowercaseNames =  { $() }
///     // 'lowercaseNames' == ["vivien", "marlon", "kim", "karl"]
///     let letterCounts =  { $ }
///     // 'letterCounts' == [6, 6, 3, 4]
///
/// - Parameter transform: A mapping closure. `transform` accepts an
///   element of this sequence as its parameter and returns a transformed
///   value of the same or of a different type.
/// - Returns: An array containing the transformed elements of this
///   sequence.
@inlinable public func map<T>(_ transform: (Element) throws -> T) rethrows -> [T]

let cast = ["Vivien", "Marlon", "Kim", "Karl"]
let lowercaseNames =  {
    $()
}
print(lowercaseNames) // ["vivien", "marlon", "kim", "karl"]
let arrayString = ["Ann", "Bob", "Tom", "Lily", "HanMeiMei", "Jerry"]
// Calculate the number of each element and generate an array of numberslet arrayCount =  { (str) -> Int in
    return 
}
print("arrayCount: \(arrayCount)")
// arrayCount: [3, 3, 3, 4, 9, 5]

// @inlinable public func filter(_ isIncluded: (Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> [Element]
let array = [-5, 4, -3, 1, 2]
var resultArray =  { (item) -> Bool in
    return item > 0
}
print(resultArray) // [4, 1, 2]
// Syntax sugar writingresultArray =  {
    $0 > 0
}
print(resultArray) // [4, 1, 2]