1. Location
1. Location Matching
The location matches the URI behind
/wordpress
192.168.100.11/wordpress
2. Location matching classification
2.1 Exact Match
location = / Completely match the string, it must be fully matched
2.2 Regular Match
^~What is the prefix matching?
~Case sensitive match
~*Case insensitive
!~: case sensitive inverse
!~*: Insensitive case insensitive inverse
2.3 General matching (general matching)
location/string
3. Location Match Priority*
The highest priority of exact match is followed by regularity, and finally the general match
3.1 Match priority experiment
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
systemctl restart nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
Drag the photo in
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/
location = / {
root /data/nginx/static1;
index ;
}
location / {
root /data/nginx/static2;
index ;
}
location ~*\.(jpglgif)$ {
root /data/nginx/static3;
index ;
}
wq!
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
mkdir -p /data/nginx/static1
cd /data/nginx #See only one static1mkdir static2 static3 #See there is static1 static2 static3cd /usr/local/nginx/static1/
Drag in
cd /usr/local/nginx/static2/
Drag in
cd /usr/local/nginx/static3/
Drag in
[root@localhost static3]# mv
[root@localhost static3]# ls
Page access
192.168.100.11/ # The picture you are visiting at this time
Page access
Comment out the exact match
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
192.168.100.11/ # The picture you are visiting at this time3.2 Priority summary
location = complete path = that is, a complete word cannot be missing
location ^~、location ~ location ~*, location / (string) part start position, location /
4. The rules of use in actual websites
The first required rule
The website home page uses precision equal to bar (= /)
1.1 Home page
location = / {
root html;
index ;
}
# = / indicates the beginning of the home directory, access = / is equivalent to visiting the home page of the websiteThe second required rule
Pages that handle static requests
1.2 Used to match static pages
location ^~ /static/ {
root /web/static/;
index ;
}
1.3 Access the image or specified suffix name
location ~* \.(jpg|gif|jpeg|png|css)$ {
root /web/pictures/;
index ;
}
The third rule
Generally, it is a general rule to forward dynamic requests with .php .js as the suffix to the backend server (database)
1.4 Forwarding backend requests and load balancing
location / {
proxy_pass
}
2. Rewrite redirection
1. Concept
rewrite is to redirect the currently visited page to other pages.
2. Working method
Redirecting url through global variables or custom variables of nginx, combined with regular expressions and flags.
3. Nginx variables
$uri: The URL address requested by the client
$host: The requested host name
#http_user_agent: The browser and operating system requested by the client
$http_referer: The referer information of the request header, indicating the URL from the current page
$remote_addr: The IP address of the client
$remote_port: The client's port
$server_addr: The IP address of the server
$server_port: The port of the server
$request_method: Method to obtain client request
$scheme: The requested protocol, either http or https
x_forwarded_for: Used to obtain the real IP address of the client in the request header. Adding a proxy server is only the client's IP address in the proxy server.
X_Real_IP: The real IP address of the client
4. Nginx real IP address access settings
vim proxy_set_header X Real-IP $remote_addr # Add this field and the client's real IP address will be passed to the backend server
operate
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/
existserverModification，Modified as follows
location / {
root html;
default_type text/plain;
return 200 "ip:$remote_addr";
}
wq!
systemctl restart nginx
Page access 192.168.100.11
#The local address is displayed at this time ip 192.168.100.1
# return 200 "ip:$remote_addr\ntest1:$host\nport:$remote_port\nxieyi:$scheme";
systemctl restart nginx
Page access
# ip:192.168.100.1
# test1:192.168.100.11
# port:51360
# xieyi:http
5. Flag bit (flag)
permanent: Permanent redirection, return code is 301, the browser address bar will display the redirected URL address
redirect: Temporary redirection, return code is 302, the browser address bar will display the redirected URL address
break: Permanent redirection, the return code is 301, but after it matches the rule, it will not match other rules downwards, and the url will not change
last: Redirect, but will continue to match other location rules downwards
6. The execution order of rewrite
6.1 The server module's rewrite has the highest priority
6.2 Rules for matching location
6.3 Execute the selected location rules
7. Rewrite syntax
rewrite Regular expressions Content after jump Logo position;
7.1 Experiment
cd /usr/local/nginx/html
mkdir test1
mkdir xy102
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/test1
echo 123 >
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/xy102
echo 456 >
# Check whether the test1 and xy102 directories are created
(1)
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/
existserverModification，Modified as follows
location / {
root html;
rewrite /test1/(.*) /xy102/$1 permanent;
#192.168.100.11/test1/ 192.168.100.11/xy102/ $1 is the capture group index ;
}
wq!
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
Page access
192.168.100.11/test1
# The access result is 456, and the website ip jumps to 192.168.100.11/xy102
(2)
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/
existserverModification，Modified as follows
location /test1 {
root html;
rewrite /test1/(.*) /test2/$1 last;
index ;
}
location /test2 {
root html;
rewrite /test2/(.*) /test1/$1 last;
index ;
}
wq!
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/html
mkdir test2
cd /usr/local/nginx/html/test2
echo 789 >
Page access
192.168.100.11/test1
# The access result is 500
Open another one now192.168.100.11ofshellterminal
[root@localhost opt]# tail -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/
Continue to visit the page 192.168.100.11/test1
xshellThe following sentence appears in the error：rewrite or internal redirection cycle while processing
explain：
# It means that during the redirection process, the last method is used for redirection, but there is no ending and it falls into a dead loop. Nginx will automatically loop 10 times, and the last match can only be executed at most 10 times. If it does not end more than 10 times, it will stop, and then an error of 500 will be reported.7.2 Jump based on domain names. Old domain names are not used, but they can still be accessed, and all jump to new domain names
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/
existserverModification，Modified as follows
# Modify server_name as follows server_name ;
# Cancel the comment of charset koi8-r;, modify it as follows charset ulf-8;
location / {
root html;
if ( $host = '' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /$1 permanent;
}
index ;
}
wq!
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
Domain name mapping
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.100.11
wq!
# Visit/is access/
cd /usr/local/nginx/html
echo "this is new page" >
Page access（exist虚拟机）
# Print result is this is new page Web page address jump7.3 The client-based IP redirects, the company has new business online, and in the testing stage, other IPs can only be displayed and maintained, and only 192.1168.100.11 can access normally
vim /usr/local/nginx/cong/
existserverModularaccess_logAdd
set $rewrite true;
# Set a variable name, rewrite, the value is ture# to determine whether an IP is a legal IPif ( $remote_addr = "192.168.100.11" ) {
set $rewrite false;
}
if ( $rewrite = true ) {
rewrite (.+) /;
# Redirect, 192.168.100.13/}
location = / {
root html;
}
wq！
cd /usr/local/nginx/html
echo "Web page maintenance" >
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
Page access
192.168.100.11 #Print result is page maintenanceSummarize·:
priority of location matching
This is the end of this article about the implementation of redirection in nginx. For more related nginx redirection content, please search for my previous articles or continue browsing the related articles below. I hope you will be in the future.